linux raid卷,Linux7下RAID及LVM逻辑卷

操作系统 centos7

一、RAID

yum install -y mdadm

md0重启后变成md127

vi /etc/mdadm.conf

1.

-l级别 -n 盘数

raid10

mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

/dev/sdd /dev/sde

raid5

mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 3 -l 5 -x /dev/sdb /dev/sdc

/dev/sdd /dev/sde

mdadm -S /dev/md0

mdadm -D /dev/md0

2.

mkdir /RAID

mount /dev/md0 /RAID

mount -a

df -h

mdadm -D /dev/md0

3.

echo "/dev/md0 /RAID ext4 defaults 0 0"

4.模拟损坏

mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdb

mdadm -D /dev/md0

umount /RAID

mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdb ---a类似于add

mdadm -D /dev/md0

二、LVM

/boot /dev/sda1xfs

/ /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs

swap /dev/mapper/centos-swapswap

sda中部分空间sda3创建逻辑卷，添加sdb扩充逻辑卷

/data /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 xfs

1、创建逻辑卷并挂载

[root@centos7 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 20M 467M 4% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 9.1M 478M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 98M 52K 98M 1%

/run/user/0

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes, 31457280

sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000ce56f

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 4196352 25184255 10493952 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes,

16777216 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes,

4194304 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write

them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3

First sector (25184256-31457279, default

25184256):

Using default value 25184256

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (25184256-31457279,

default 31457279):

Using default value 31457279

Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 3 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 4196352 25184255 10493952 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 25184256 31457279 3136512 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16:

Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be

used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or

kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 4196352 25184255 10493952 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 25184256 31457279 3136512 8e Linux LVM

[root@centos7 ~]# reboot

[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3

Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully

created.

[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sda3

Volume group "vg01" successfully

created

[root@centos7 ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

centos 1 2 0 wz--n-

10.00g 4.00m

vg01 1 0 0 wz--n-

<2.99g <2.99g

[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -L 3050M vg01

Rounding up size to full physical extent

2.98 GiB

Logical volume "lv01" created.

lvcreate -l 100%VG -n lv01 vg01 -- 创建新的 lv 把所有的vg

[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01

meta-data=/dev/vg01/lv01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=195328 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0,

sparse=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=781312, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version

2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /data

[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01 /data

[root@centos7 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 8.3M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 98M 12K 98M 1%

/run/user/42

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0%

/run/user/0

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 3.0G 33M 3.0G 2% /data

2、增加新盘扩逻辑卷

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write

them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier

0x6e0a3a89.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304

sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x6e0a3a89

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-4194303, default

2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303, default

4194303):

Using default value 4194303

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304

sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x6e0a3a89

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 4194303 2096128 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304

sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x6e0a3a89

Device

Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 4194303 2096128 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully

created.

[root@centos7 ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdb1

Volume group "vg01" successfully

extended

[root@centos7 ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

centos 1 2 0 wz--n-

10.00g 4.00m

vg01 2 1 0

wz--n- 4.98g 2.00g

[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/vg01/lv01 /data

[root@centos7 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 8.3M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 98M 8.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0%

/run/user/0

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 3.0G 33M 3.0G 2% /data

[root@centos7 ~]# lvextend -L +2048M

/dev/vg01/lv01

Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed

from 2.98 GiB (763 extents) to 4.98 GiB (1275 extents).

Logical volume vg01/lv01 successfully

resized.

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg01/lv01--

把lv 扩展成 新的 100% 范围

[root@centos7 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 8.3M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 98M 8.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0%

/run/user/0

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 3.0G 33M 3.0G 2% /data

ext4 需要验证后再执行

--检测文件完整性

e2fsck

-f/dev/vg01/lv01

--生效

resize2fs/dev/vg01/lv01

[root@centos7 ~]# xfs_growfs

/dev/vg01/lv01 --xfs支持在线扩盘

meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 isize=512 agcount=4,

agsize=195328 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0

spinodes=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=781312, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version

2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 781312 to 1305600

备注：lvextend-r -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01可一步搞定扩容，即加上-r

分区及空间均扩展

[root@centos7 ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

centos 1 2 0 wz--n-

10.00g 4.00m

vg01 2 1 0

wz--n- 4.98g 4.00m

[root@centos7 ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin

Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync

Convert

root centos -wi-ao----

8.00g

swap centos -wi-ao----

2.00g

lv01 vg01 -wi-ao---- 4.98g

[root@centos7 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 8.3M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

tmpfs 98M 12K 98M 1%

/run/user/42

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0%

/run/user/0

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /data

[root@centos7 ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr

PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 centos lvm2

a-- 10.00g 4.00m

/dev/sda3 vg01 lvm2 a-- <2.99g 0

/dev/sdb1 vg01 lvm2 a-- <2.00g 4.00m

[root@centos7 ~]# blkid /dev/vg01/lv01

/dev/vg01/lv01: UUID="2adcfae7-db45-4133-9b04-f3fb470b1b1c"

TYPE="xfs"

[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk -f

NAME FSTYPE LABEL

UUID MOUNTPOINT

sda

├─sda1 xfs 0568a563-ff67-49f7-a89c-bacf086ce14a /boot

├─sda2 LVM2_mem LVLhTI-SOuG-Vthc-BNEs-HvGu-gNK1-51gKnr

│ ├─centos-root xfs 7db33ca8-f0f1-427b-b209-bb3f90fa736f /

│ └─centos-swap swap b938d5f2-61cc-4770-8a53-5b7502a6c103 [SWAP]

└─sda3 LVM2_mem B30Huy-VgBm-BCRV-0MqW-lcFZ-3jaj-tuu8Gb

└─vg01-lv01 xfs 2adcfae7-db45-4133-9b04-f3fb470b1b1c /data

sdb

└─sdb1 LVM2_mem oeyDLL-uDnL-bSyW-OeKX-K2fp-tLk1-ddf87C

└─vg01-lv01 xfs 2adcfae7-db45-4133-9b04-f3fb470b1b1c /data

sr0

[root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/fstab 添加启动

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 /data xfs defaults 0 0

或者

UUID=2adcfae7-db45-4133-9b04-f3fb470b1b1c /data xfs

defaults 0 0

[root@centos7 data]# dd if=/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 of=test3

bs=4M count=950 测试写入文件

950+0 records in

950+0 records out

3984588800 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 5.00772 s, 796 MB/s

[root@centos7 data]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted

on

/dev/mapper/centos-root 8.0G 5.0G 3.1G 62% /

devtmpfs 470M 0 470M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 8.3M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 2.0G 166M 1.9G 9% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 5.0G 4.8G 258M 95% /data

tmpfs 98M 8.0K 98M 1% /run/user/42

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0%

/run/user/0

快照功能

[root@qinvm data]# lvcreate -n snap -s -p r -L 1G

/dev/vg02/data

Logical volume "snap" created.

[root@qinvm data]# blkid

/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-11-25-23-54-16-00" LABEL="CentOS 7

x86_64" TYPE="iso9660"

PTTYPE="dos"

/dev/sda1: UUID="10213c55-87b5-478c-931d-654c33c8d458"

TYPE="xfs"

/dev/sda2: UUID="lhX19c-qCS1-XZfi-uz3S-IYkH-nF3m-Q9QHuT"

TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/sdb1: UUID="kCLcGX-YVlU-uMhU-2man-LCTm-enye-JnOXNo"

TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/sdb2: UUID="6cede7c1-dd64-4923-ad4a-4391cc928c99"

TYPE="swap"

/dev/sdb3: UUID="kh4jrn-Kk5A-90Gh-VfrX-b0YY-PSZB-ihEjzF"

TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/mapper/vg01-root:

UUID="125aa16f-a93f-4e91-bb38-51d754ed426b"

TYPE="xfs"

/dev/mapper/vg01-swap:

UUID="aa6186f0-6f05-4cb2-b379-c80b7678c38a"

TYPE="swap"

/dev/sdb4: UUID="89D0qb-RlBX-DjFY-NvC6-2ggO-1GOv-KNj3jd"

TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/sdc1: UUID="mN7eWF-Kz1Y-pWN8-QRTs-mCeA-HVCp-oNhxSD"

TYPE="LVM2_member"

/dev/mapper/vg02-data:

UUID="0080c53a-3d80-4036-93c4-4c7c740d90ec"

TYPE="ext4"

/dev/mapper/vg02-snap:

UUID="0080c53a-3d80-4036-93c4-4c7c740d90ec"

TYPE="ext4"

[root@qinvm data]# mount /dev/vg02/snap

/mnt/snap (ext4)

--xfs

mount -o nouuid /dev/vg02/snap /snap

[root@qinvm data]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg02/data

LV Name data

VG Name vg02

LV UUID FpnEGj-Q1uu-rOUO-PgAV-PZFA-YMqB-7eXpXL

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time qinvm, 2021-05-17

08:07:16 +0800

LV snapshot status source of

snap [active]

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 2.00 GiB

Current LE 512

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:2

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/vg02/snap

LV Name snap

VG Name vg02

LV UUID d8lPKP-1ydn-HUOO-bqkH-ewXs-ylmX-fLUMcV

LV Write Access read

only

LV Creation host, time qinvm, 2021-05-17

08:10:43 +0800

LV snapshot status active destination for

data

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 2.00 GiB

Current LE 512

COW-table size 1.00 GiB

COW-table LE 256

Allocated to snapshot 0.01%

Snapshot chunk size 4.00 KiB

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:5

[root@qinvm ~]# umount /data

[root@qinvm ~]# umount /mnt/snap

[root@qinvm ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/vg02/snap

Merging of volume vg02/snap started.

vg02/data: Merged: 100.00%

[root@qinvm ~]# mount /dev/vg02/data /data

删除快照

lvremove /dev/vg02/snap

删除LV VG PV

[root@qinvm /]# umount /data

[root@qinvm /]# lvremove /dev/vg02/data

Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg02/data?

[y/n]: y

Logical volume "data" successfully

removed

[root@qinvm /]# vgremove /dev/vg02

Volume group "vg02" successfully

removed

[root@qinvm /]# pvremove /dev/sdc1

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1"

successfully wiped.

swap分区添加

加硬盘不生效可重启也可执行

如下 echo '- - -' >

/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan

1、LVM模式

[root@qinvm ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+2G\nw\n' | fdisk

/dev/sdb

[root@qinvm ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb --刷新分区

[root@qinvm ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

t L 8e w

[root@qinvm ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

[root@qinvm ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdb1

[root@qinvm ~]# lvextend -L +2000M

/dev/vg01/swap

[root@qinvm ~]# sync;sync

[root@qinvm ~]# swapoff /dev/vg01/swap

[root@qinvm ~]# mkswap /dev/vg01/swap

mkswap: /dev/vg01/swap: warning: wiping old swap

signature.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4145148

KiB

no label,

UUID=de15ae30-f773-493c-a5b9-aa1bb9eddec8

[root@qinvm ~]# free -h

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972M 603M 64M 52M 303M 119M

Swap: 0B 0B 0B

[root@qinvm ~]# swapon /dev/vg01/swap

[root@qinvm ~]# free -h

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972M 607M 60M 52M 304M 116M

Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G

[root@qinvm ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN

RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 20G 0

disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0

part

├─vg01-root

253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /

└─vg01-swap

253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]

sdb 8:16 0 10G 0

disk

└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0

part

└─vg01-swap

253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]

2、单盘模式

[root@qinvm ~]# echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+2G\nt\n82\nw\n' |

fdisk /dev/sdb

[root@qinvm ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb

[root@qinvm ~]# sync

[root@qinvm ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572

KiB

no label,

UUID=6cede7c1-dd64-4923-ad4a-4391cc928c99

[root@qinvm ~]# vim /etc/fstab

UUID=6cede7c1-dd64-4923-ad4a-4391cc928c99 swap swap

defaults 0 0

[root@qinvm ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2 或者swapon -a

[root@qinvm ~]# free -h

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972M 629M 67M 87M 275M 63M

Swap: 5.0G 39M 4.9G

[root@qinvm ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 20G 0

disk

├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0

part

├─vg01-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /

└─vg01-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]

sdb 8:16 0 10G 0

disk

├─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part

│ └─vg01-swap 253:1 0 4G 0

lvm [SWAP]

└─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part [SWAP]

[root@qinvm ~]# cat /proc/swaps

Filename Type Size Used Priority

/dev/dm-1 partition 4145148 34740

-2

/dev/sdb2 partition 1048572

0 -3 此处是优先级 可在fstab中将defaults换为pri=1，则优先使用sdb2，设置完需要swapoff -a swapon

-a swapon -s

--内存占用70%使用swap

[root@qinvm ~]# cat

/proc/sys/vm/swappiness

30

--可选优化

[root@qinvm ~]# echo 0 >

/proc/sys/vm/swappiness

--删除swap分区

sed -i.bak '/swap/d' /etc/fstab

swapoff -a

删分区