Java调用标准http协议_Java调用第三方http接口的方式

本文详细介绍了在Java项目中调用第三方HTTP接口的四种常见方式:1. 使用JDK的HttpURLConnection;2. 通过Apache的HttpClient;3. 使用Apache的CloseableHttpClient;4. 利用SpringBoot的RestTemplate。每种方式都提供了get和post请求的示例代码,包括设置请求头、处理响应等内容。
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1. 概述

在实际开发过程中,我们经常需要调用对方提供的接口或测试自己写的接口是否合适。很多项目都会封装规定好本身项目的接口规范,所以大多数需要去调用对方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天气等)。

在Java项目中调用第三方接口的方式有:

①通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection;

②通过common封装好的HttpClient;

③通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient;

④通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate;

2. Java调用第三方http接口的方式

2.1 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection

比较原始的一种调用做法,这里把get请求和post请求都统一放在一个方法里面,直接上代码:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

import java.io.*;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.net.URL;

/**

* @Author: Yang JianQiu

* @Date: 2019/4/26 11:34

* jdk类HttpURLConnection调用第三方http接口

*

* 通常分get和post两种方式

*

* 参考资料:

* http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html

*/

public class HttpUrlConnectionToInterface {

/**

* 以post或get方式调用对方接口方法,

* @param pathUrl

*/

public static void doPostOrGet(String pathUrl, String data){

OutputStreamWriter out = null;

BufferedReader br = null;

String result = "";

try {

URL url = new URL(pathUrl);

//打开和url之间的连接

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

//请求方式

conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

//conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

//设置通用的请求属性

conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");

conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");

conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");

//DoOutput设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,DoInput设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,此外发送post请求必须设置这两个

conn.setDoOutput(true);

conn.setDoInput(true);

/**

* 下面的三句代码,就是调用第三方http接口

*/

//获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流

out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");

//发送请求参数即数据

out.write(data);

//flush输出流的缓冲

out.flush();

/**

* 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果

*/

//获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流

InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();

//构造一个字符流缓存

br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));

String str = "";

while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){

result += str;

}

System.out.println(result);

//关闭流

is.close();

//断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。

conn.disconnect();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

try {

if (out != null){

out.close();

}

if (br != null){

br.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

/**

*手机信息查询接口:http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=手机号

*      http://api.showji.com/Locating/www.showji.com.aspx?m=手机号&output=json&callback=querycallback

*/

doPostOrGet("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "");

}

}

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

2.2 通过apache common封装好的HttpClient

httpClient的get或post请求方式步骤:

生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;

生成一个GetMethod对象或PostMethod并设置响应的参数;

用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;

处理响应状态码;

若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;

释放连接。

导入如下jar包:

commons-httpclient

commons-httpclient

3.1

代码如下:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**

* @Author: Yang JianQiu

* @Date: 2019/4/28 11:07

*

* HttpClient模拟get、post请求并发送请求参数(json等)

* 【参考资料】

* https://javasam.iteye.com/blog/2117845

* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28379809/article/details/82898792

*/

public class HttpClientToInterface {

/**

* httpClient的get请求方式

* 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤:

* 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;

* 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数;

* 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;

* 4.处理响应状态码;

* 5.若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;

* 6.释放连接。

* @param url

* @param charset

* @return

*/

public static String doGet(String url, String charset){

/**

* 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数

*/

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

//设置Http连接超时为5秒

httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);

/**

* 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数

*/

GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);

//设置get请求超时为5秒

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);

//设置请求重试处理,用的是默认的重试处理:请求三次

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());

String response = "";

/**

* 3.执行HTTP GET 请求

*/

try {

int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

/**

* 4.判断访问的状态码

*/

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){

System.err.println("请求出错:" + getMethod.getStatusLine());

}

/**

* 5.处理HTTP响应内容

*/

//HTTP响应头部信息,这里简单打印

Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();

for (Header h: headers){

System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());

}

//读取HTTP响应内容,这里简单打印网页内容

//读取为字节数组

byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();

response = new String(responseBody, charset);

System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);

//读取为InputStream,在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用

//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

} catch (HttpException e) {

//发生致命的异常,可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题

System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e){

//发生网络异常

System.out.println("发生网络异常!");

}finally {

/**

* 6.释放连接

*/

getMethod.releaseConnection();

}

return response;

}

/**

* post请求

* @param url

* @param json

* @return

*/

public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);

postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");

postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");

//设置json格式传送

postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");

//必须设置下面这个Header

postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

//添加请求参数

postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));

String res = "";

try {

int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);

if (code == 200){

res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();

System.out.println(res);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return res;

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "UTF-8");

System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");

System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");

System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");

JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();

jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");

doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject);

}

}

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

2.3 通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient

CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基础上修改更新而来的,这里还涉及到请求头token的设置(请求验证),利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式,当然上面两种方式也是可以设置请求头token、json的,这里只在下面说明。

导入如下jar包:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpclient

4.5.2

com.alibaba

fastjson

1.2.28

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

代码如下:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* @Author: Yang JianQiu

* @Date: 2019/4/26 11:41

* Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient

* 【参考资料】

* https://www.cnblogs.com/siv8/p/6222709.html

* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727

*/

public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface {

private static String tokenString = "";

private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";

private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

/**

* 以get方式调用第三方接口

* @param url

* @return

*/

public static String doGet(String url, String token){

//创建HttpClient对象

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);

try {

if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){

tokenString = getToken();

}

//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头,用于token验证使用

get.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);

get.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){

//返回json格式

String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

return res;

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

/**

* 以post方式调用第三方接口

* @param url

* @param json

* @return

*/

public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){

try {

if (httpClient == null){

httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

}

HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);

if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){

tokenString = getToken();

}

//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头,用于token验证使用

post.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);

post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString());

s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

//发送json数据需要设置contentType

s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

//设置请求参数

post.setEntity(s);

HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){

//返回json格式

String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

return res;

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

if (httpClient != null){

try {

httpClient.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

return null;

}

/**

* 获取第三方接口的token

*/

public static String getToken(){

String token = "";

JSONObject object = new JSONObject();

object.put("appid", "appid");

object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");

try {

if (httpClient == null){

httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

}

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");

post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

StringEntity s = new StringEntity(object.toString());

s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

//发送json数据需要设置contentType

s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

//设置请求参数

post.setEntity(s);

HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);

//这里可以把返回的结果按照自定义的返回数据结果,把string转换成自定义类

//ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);

//把response转为jsonObject

JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(response);

if (result.containsKey("token")){

token = result.getString("token");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return token;

}

/**

* 测试

*/

public static void test(String telephone){

JSONObject object = new JSONObject();

object.put("telephone", telephone);

try {

//首先获取token

tokenString = getToken();

String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);

//如果返回的结果是list形式的,需要使用JSONObject.parseArray转换

//List list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);

System.out.println(response);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

test("12345678910");

}

}

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

2.4 通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate

springBoot-RestTemple是上面三种方式的集大成者,代码编写更加简单,目前可以采用的调用第三方接口有:

delete() 在特定的URL上对资源执行HTTP DELETE操作

exchange() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法,返回包含对象的ResponseEntity,这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的

execute() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法,返回一个从响应体映射得到的对象

getForEntity() 发送一个HTTP GET请求,返回的ResponseEntity包含了响应体所映射成的对象

getForObject() 发送一个HTTP GET请求,返回的请求体将映射为一个对象

postForEntity() POST 数据到一个URL,返回包含一个对象的ResponseEntity,这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的

postForObject() POST 数据到一个URL,返回根据响应体匹配形成的对象

headForHeaders() 发送HTTP HEAD请求,返回包含特定资源URL的HTTP头

optionsForAllow() 发送HTTP OPTIONS请求,返回对特定URL的Allow头信息

postForLocation() POST 数据到一个URL,返回新创建资源的URL

put() PUT 资源到特定的URL

注意:目前标红的为常用的

首先导入springboot的web包

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.0.4.RELEASE

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpclient

4.5.2

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-configuration-processor

true

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-aop

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-tomcat

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-jetty

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-test

test

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

在启动类同包下创建RestTemplateConfig.java类

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**

* @Author: Yang JianQiu

* @Date: 2019/4/28 14:01

*/

@Configuration

public class RestTemplateConfig {

@Bean

public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){

return new RestTemplate(factory);

}

@Bean

public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){

SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();

factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);

factory.setReadTimeout(5000);

return factory;

}

}

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

然后在Service类(RestTemplateToInterface )中注入使用

具体代码如下:

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import com.swordfall.model.User;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.http.*;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**

* @Author: Yang JianQiu

* @Date: 2019/4/28 14:13

*

* 【参考资料】

* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15452971/article/details/79416469

* https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40461281/article/details/83540604

*/

@Service

public class RestTemplateToInterface {

@Autowired

private RestTemplate restTemplate;

/**

* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity

* @param url

* @return

*/

public User doGetWith1(String url){

ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);

User user = responseEntity.getBody();

return user;

}

/**

* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject

* 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()

* @param url

* @return

*/

public User doGetWith2(String url){

User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);

return user;

}

/**

* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity

* @param url

* @return

*/

public String doPostWith1(String url){

User user = new User("小白", 20);

ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);

String body = responseEntity.getBody();

return body;

}

/**

* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity

* @param url

* @return

*/

public String doPostWith2(String url){

User user = new User("小白", 20);

String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);

return body;

}

/**

* exchange

* @return

*/

public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){

//header参数

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

String token = "asdfaf2322";

headers.add("authorization", token);

headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

//放入body中的json参数

JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();

obj.put("age", age);

obj.put("name", name);

//组装

HttpEntity request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);

ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);

String body = responseEntity.getBody();

return body;

}

}

48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png

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