mysql设置字段可重复_MySQL添加可重复执行列

一、information_schema数据库表说明:

SCHEMATA表：提供了当前mysql实例中所有数据库的信息。是show databases的结果取之此表。

TABLES表：提供了关于数据库中的表的信息(包括视图)。详细表述了某个表属于哪个schema，表类型，表引擎，创建时间等信息。是show tables from schemaname的结果取之此表。

COLUMNS表：提供了表中的列信息。详细表述了某张表的所有列以及每个列的信息。是show columns from schemaname.tablename的结果取之此表。

STATISTICS表：提供了关于表索引的信息。是show index from schemaname.tablename的结果取之此表。

USER_PRIVILEGES(用户权限)表：给出了关于全程权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.user授权表。是非标准表。

SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES(方案权限)表：给出了关于方案(数据库)权限的信息。该信息来自mysql.db授权表。是非标准表。

TABLE_PRIVILEGES(表权限)表：给出了关于表权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.tables_priv授权表。是非标准表。

COLUMN_PRIVILEGES(列权限)表：给出了关于列权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.columns_priv授权表。是非标准表。

CHARACTER_SETS(字符集)表：提供了mysql实例可用字符集的信息。是SHOW CHARACTER SET结果集取之此表。

COLLATIONS表：提供了关于各字符集的对照信息。

COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY表：指明了可用于校对的字符集。这些列等效于SHOW COLLATION的前两个显示字段。

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS表：描述了存在约束的表。以及表的约束类型。

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE表：描述了具有约束的键列。

ROUTINES表：提供了关于存储子程序(存储程序和函数)的信息。此时，ROUTINES表不包含自定义函数(UDF)。名为“mysql.proc name”的列指明了对应于INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES表的mysql.proc表列。

VIEWS表：给出了关于数据库中的视图的信息。需要有show views权限，否则无法查看视图信息。

TRIGGERS表：提供了关于触发程序的信息。必须有super权限才能查看该表

二、存储过程实现

思路：

1.先判断表是否存在；

2.判断列名是否存在该表中；

3.判断null、default是否存在属性中；

4.判断是否需要插入到某个列名之后；

5.拼装sql语句；

6.执行添加字段的sql语句；

1 drop procedure if exists`AddColumnIfNotExists`;2 delimiter $$3 create procedure AddColumnIfNotExists(in tableName varchar(50),in columnName varchar(50),in discription varchar(256), in position varchar(50))4 begin

5 declare tableCount int default 0; #用于判断表是否存在6 declare columnCount int default 0; #用于判断字段是否存在7 declare stmt varchar(2000); #最终拼接出来的sql语句8 declare seat int default 0; #用于判断null/default的位置9

10 SELECT count(*) into @tableCount FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = (SELECT DATABASE()) AND TABLE_NAME =tableName;11 SELECT count(*) into @columnCount FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = (SELECT DATABASE()) AND TABLE_NAME = tableName AND COLUMN_NAME =columnName;12

13 if @tableCount=1 && @columnCount=0 then

14 set @seat = locate('null', discription);15 if @seat > 0 then#判断是否存在null16 set @stmt = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',tableName,'` ADD COLUMN `',columnName,'`',discription);17 else

18 set @seat = locate('default', discription);19 if @seat > 0 then#判断是否存在default20 set @stmt = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',tableName,'` ADD COLUMN `',columnName,'`',discription, 'NOT NULL');21 else

22 set @stmt = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',tableName,'` ADD COLUMN `',columnName,'`',discription, 'NULL');23 end if;24 end if;25

26 if position != '' then#判断是否需要插入某个字段的后面27 set @stmt = CONCAT(@stmt, 'after', position, ';');28 else

29 set @stmt = CONCAT(@stmt, ';');30 end if;31

32 PREPARE stmt1 FROM @stmt;33 EXECUTEstmt1;34 DEALLOCATE PREPAREstmt1;35 select @stmt;36 end if;37 end$$38 delimiter ;

三、测试

调用方式：call AddColumnIfNotExists(表名, 字段名,属性, 插入到那个字段之后);

1.新建一个员工表

#员工表CREATE TABLEemp(

empno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDNOT NULL DEFAULT 0 comment '编号',

enameVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "" comment '名字',

jobVARCHAR(9) NOT NULL DEFAULT "" comment '工作',

mgr MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDNOT NULL DEFAULT 0 comment '上级编号')ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ;

mysql> descemp;+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| empno | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| ename | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| job | varchar(9) | NO | | | |

| mgr | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

+-------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2.新插入字段

(1)无null、无default

mysql> call AddColumnIfNotExists('emp', 'hiredatea', 'DATE comment "入职时间"','');+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| @stmt |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| ALTER TABLE `emp` ADD COLUMN `hiredatea` DATE comment "入职时间" NULL;|

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.09sec)

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.13sec)

mysql> descemp;+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| empno | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| ename | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| job | varchar(9) | NO | | | |

| mgr | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| hiredatea | date | YES | | NULL | |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(2).有not null、无default

mysql> call AddColumnIfNotExists('emp', 'sal', 'DECIMAL(7,2) not null comment "

薪水"', '');+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| @stmt |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| ALTER TABLE `emp` ADD COLUMN `sal` DECIMAL(7,2) not null comment "薪水"; |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.06sec)

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.09sec)

mysql> descemp;+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| empno | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| ename | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| job | varchar(9) | NO | | | |

| mgr | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| hiredatea | date | YES | | NULL | |

| sal | decimal(7,2) | NO | | NULL | |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(3).无null、有default

mysql> call AddColumnIfNotExists('emp', 'comm', 'DECIMAL(7,2) default 0 comment

"红利"', '');+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| @stmt|

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| ALTER TABLE `emp` ADD COLUMN `comm` DECIMAL(7,2) default 0 comment "红利" NOTNULL; |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.06sec)

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.09sec)

mysql> descemp;+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| empno | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| ename | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| job | varchar(9) | NO | | | |

| mgr | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| hiredatea | date | YES | | NULL | |

| sal | decimal(7,2) | NO | | NULL | |

| comm | decimal(7,2) | NO | | 0.00 | |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(4).有not null、有default、插入都某个字段之后

mysql> call AddColumnIfNotExists('emp', 'deptno', 'varchar(20) not null default

"" comment "部门编号"', 'job');+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| @stmt |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| ALTER TABLE `emp` ADD COLUMN `deptno` varchar(20) not null default"" comment "部门编号" after job;|

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.06sec)

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.13sec)

mysql> descemp;+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| empno | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| ename | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| job | varchar(9) | NO | | | |

| deptno | varchar(20) | NO | | | |

| mgr | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| hiredatea | date | YES | | NULL | |

| sal | decimal(7,2) | NO | | NULL | |

| comm | decimal(7,2) | NO | | 0.00 | |

+-----------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)