In your 'head' section, add this code:
input[type='text'] { font-size: 24px; }
Or you can only add the:
input[type='text'] { font-size: 24px; }
to a CSS file which can later be included.
You can also change the font face by using the CSS property: font-family
font-family: monospace;
So you can have a CSS code like this:
input[type='text'] { font-size: 24px; font-family: monospace; }
You can find further help at the W3Schools website.
I suggest you to have a look at the CSS3 specification. With CSS3 you can also load a font from the web instead of having the limitation to use only the most common fonts or tell the user to download the font you're using.