python编程课第七课_Python菜鸟学习第七课

第五章：条件、循环和其他语句

1.print和import的更多信息

1.1使用逗号输出

>>> print 'Age:', 42

Age: 42

>>>1,2,3

(1,2,3)

>>>print 1,2,3

1 2 3

>>>print (1,2,3)

(1,2,3)

>>>name = 'Gumby'

>>>salutation = 'Mr.'

>>>greeting = 'Hello.'

>>> print greeting,salutation,name

Hello. Mr. Gumby

如何greeting字符串不带逗号

print greeting+',' , salutation,name

如何在结尾加上逗号，接下来的语句和前一条语句在同一行打印

print 'Hello.'

print 'world!'

输出Hello.world!

1.2从模块导入函数

import somemodule

from somemodule import somefunction

from somemodule import somefunction,anotherfunction

from somemodule import *

如何两个模块都有相同的函数

module1.open(...)

module2.open(...)

或者在语句末尾增加as字句

>>>import math as foobar

>>>foobar.sqrt(4)

2.0

也可为函数提供别名

>>>from math import sqrt as foobar

>>>foobar(4)

2.0

from module1 import open as open1

from module2 import open as open2

2.赋值魔法

2.1序列解包

>>>x,y,z=1,2,3

>>>print x,y,z

1 2 3

>>>x,y = y,x

>>>print x,y,z

2 1 3

>>>values=1,2,3

>>>values

(1,2,3)

>>>x,y,z=values

>>>x

1

>>>scoundrel = {'name':'Robin','girlfriend':'Marion'}

>>>key,value= scoundrel.popitem()

>>>key

'grilfriend'

>>>value

'Marion'

>>>x,y,z=1,2

ValueError:

2.2增量赋值

>>>x = 2

>>>x += 1

>>>x *= 2

>>>x

6

>>>fnord = 'foo'

>>>fnordd += 'bar'

>>>fnord *= 2

>>>fnord

'foobarfoobar'

3条件和条件语句

布尔值

下面的值在作为布尔表达式的时候，会被解释器看作假(false)

False None 0 " " () [] {}

>>>True

True

>>>False

False

>>>True == 1

True

>>>False == 0

True

>>>Frue + False + 42

43

>>>bool('I think,therefore I am')

True

>>>bool(42)

True

>>>bool(' ')

False

>>>bool(0)

False

3.2条件执行和if语句

name = raw_input('What is your name? ')

if name.endswith('Gumby')

print 'Hello. Mr , Gumby'

else:

print 'Hello. stranger'

elif字句相当于else if

num = input('Enter a number: ')

if num>0:

print 'The number is positive.'

elif num0：

print 'The number is negative'

else:

print 'The number is zero'

4.更复杂的条件

4.1比较运算符

4.2赋值运算符

>>>'foo' == 'foo'

True

>>> 'foo' == 'bar'

False

4.3

同一性运算符:is

>>>x=y=[1,2,3]

>>>z=[1,2,3]

>>>x == y

True

>>>x == z

True

>>> x ix y

True

>>>x is z

False

4.4成员资格运算符:in

name = raw_input('What is your name?')

if 's' in name:

print 'Your name contains the letter "s"'

else:

print 'Your name does not contains the letter "s"'

4.5字符串和序列比较

字符串可以按照字母顺序排列进行比较

>>>'alpha'

True

>>>[1,2]

True

>>>[2,[1,4]]

True

4.6布尔运算符

number = input('Enter a number between 1 and 10: ')

if number <= 10 andd number >= 1:

print  'Great!'

else:

print 'Wrong!'

5.断言:与其让程序在晚些时候崩溃，不如在错误条件时崩溃

>>>age = -1

>>>assert 0

AssertError: The age must be realistic

6.循环:

6.1while循环

x = 1

while x <= 100:

print x

x += 1

name=''

while not name:

name = raw_input('Please enter your name:')

print 'Hello,%s!' % name

6.2for循环

numbers= [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

for number in number:

print number

>>>range(0,10)

[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

或者range(10)

for number in range(1,101):

print number

6.3循环遍历字典元素

d = {'x':1,'y':2,'z':3}

for key in d:

print key, 'corresponds to',d[key]

for key,value in d.items():

print  key,'corresponds to',value

6.4一些迭代工具

6.4.1并行迭代

names = ['anne','beth','george','damon']

ages = [12,45,32,102]

for i in range(len(names)):

print names[i],'is',ages[i],'years old'

zip函数实现并行迭代

>>>zip(names,ages)

[('anne',12),('beth',45),('george',32),('damon',102)]

for name,age in zip(names,ages):

print name,'is',age,'years old'