python数据类型及使用方法_Python(1)数据类型及其常见使用方法（图文）

python学习笔记

一. 变量类型及其常见函数用法：数值型(int float complex) 字符串 (str) 列表 (list)元组 (tuple) 字典(dict)

(1)数值

import math

a=20;b=3.2;

a**3； #结果为20*20*20《=》math.pow(20,3)

print(a**3);

print(round(100/3,3)); #小数点后面保留3位有效数字(保证输出格式)

print(math.ceil(3.32)); #向上取整

print(math.floor(3.32)); #向下取整

print(math.radians(180)); #度数转换成弧度制

divmod(10); #取商和余数

结果：8000 33.333 4 3 3.1415926 (3,1)

(2)字符串

str="abc";str1="def";

print(a+b); #字符串拼接

print(a*3); #字符串乘法

结果：abcdef abcabcabc

(3)元组 (元组只要确定就不能修改 增加 删除任何元素)

zoo=('wolf','dog','cat')

a,b,c=zoo #相当于a=zoo[0],b=zoo[1],c=zoo[2]

print("%s is 狼，%s is 狗, %s is 猫"%(a,b,c))

print("{} is 狼，{} is 狗, {} is 猫".format(a,b,c))

结果：wolf is 狼，dog is 狗，cat is 猫

wolf is 狼，dog is 狗，cat is 猫

%c 定制字符及其ASCLL码

%o 定制无符号八进制数

%s 定制字符串

%x 定制无符号十六进制数

%d 定制整数

%f定制浮点数，后可指定小数点后面精度

%u 定制无符号整数

%e用科学计数法定制浮点数

(4)列表 类似于链表

list_name=["car","jeep","bike"] #创建列表

list_name.append("tractor") #在列表的末尾追加tractor元素

list_name.insert(2,"train") #在下标为2的位置插入train元素

list_name.remove("jeep") #删除list_name中的jeep元素

list_name.pop() #弹出list_name的最后一个元素

列表的访问

list=["car","jeep",bike","tractor","airplane"]

list[-2] # 访问倒数第二个元素 tractor

print(list[1,4]) #输出标号为1,2,3的元素,及[jeep,bike,tractor]

print(list[-3,-1]) #输出标号为-3，-2元素 及[bike,tractor]

list1=["1","2"]

list = list+list1 #list=["car","jeep",bike","tractor","airplane","1","2"]

list1.extend(list) # list1=["1","2","car","jeep",bike","tractor","airplane"]

list2=["5","6"]

list2 +=["7"] #list2=["5","6","7"]

print(list)

结果: tractor

[jeep,bike,tractor]

[bike,tractor]

["car","jeep",bike","tractor","airplane","1","2"]

常用列表方法

(5)字典值

字典键值对表示方法：dict = ["key1","value1","key2","value2" ...]

字典的常用方法

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