当使用int64_t或uint64_t操作数的乘法运算在C中溢出时,是否有任何高效便捷的方式?
例如,为了添加uint64_t,我可以做:
if (UINT64_MAX - a < b) overflow_detected();
else sum = a + b;
但是我不能得到一个类似的简单的乘法表达式.
所有这一切发生在我身上,将操作数分解成高低的uint32_t部分,并执行这些部分的乘法,同时检查溢出,真的很丑陋,也可能是低效的.
更新1:添加了几个实现几种方法的基准代码
更新2:添加了Jens Gustedt方法
基准计划:
#include
#include
#include
#define N 100000000
int d = 2;
#define POW_2_64 ((double)(1 << 31) * (double)(1 << 31) * 4)
#define calc_b (a + c)
// #define calc_b (a + d)
int main(int argc,char *argv[]) {
uint64_t a;
uint64_t c = 0;
int o = 0;
int opt;
if (argc != 2) exit(1);
opt = atoi(argv[1]);
switch (opt) {
case 1: /* faked check,just for timing */
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
uint64_t b = a + c;
if (c > a) o++;
c += b * a;
}
break;
case 2: /* using division */
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
uint64_t b = a + c;
if (b && (a > UINT64_MAX / b)) o++;
c += b * a;
}
break;
case 3: /* using floating point,unreliable */
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
uint64_t b = a + c;
if ((double)UINT64_MAX < (double)a * (double)b) o++;
c += b * a;
}
break;
case 4: /* using floating point and division for difficult cases */
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
uint64_t b = a + c;
double m = (double)a * (double)b;
if ( ((double)(~(uint64_t)(0xffffffff)) < m ) &&
( (POW_2_64 < m) ||
( b &&
(a > UINT64_MAX / b) ) ) ) o++;
c += b * a;
}
break;
case 5: /* Jens Gustedt method */
for (a = 0; a < N; a++) {
uint64_t b = a + c;
uint64_t a1,b1;
if (a > b) { a1 = a; b1 = b; }
else { a1 = b; b1 = a; }
if (b1 > 0xffffffff) o++;
else {
uint64_t a1l = (a1 & 0xffffffff) * b1;
uint64_t a1h = (a1 >> 32) * b1 + (a1l >> 32);
if (a1h >> 32) o++;
}
c += b1 * a1;
}
break;
default:
exit(2);
}
printf("c: %lu,o: %u\n",c,o);
}
到目前为止,使用浮点过滤大多数情况的情况4是最快的,当假定溢出是非常不寻常的,至少在我的电脑上,它比无人操作的情况下慢两倍.
情况5比4慢了30%,但它总是执行相同的,没有任何特殊的案例编号需要较慢的处理,就像4发生的那样.