oracle10g standby,Oracle10G Physical Standby Database笔记

试验环境

primary server:

windows2000 server + oracle 10.0.1.0.2

ORACLE_SID:dgtest

ORACLE_HOME: D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1

standby server:

windows XP pro + oracle 10.0.1.0.2

ORACLE_SID:dgtest

ORACLE_HOME: D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1

配置步骤

首先，装好primary和standby上的oracle，建SID同为dgtest的库，所有设置完全相同。然后停止shutdown两台上的oracle，将primary上的所有数据文件，控制文件，redo文件和password文件都copy到standby机器的相应位置。(还可以利用热备，rman等来建立初始standby库)，这样，我们就拥有了两台完全一样的oracle server

1. 在primary database上设置force logging

SQL>alter database force logging;

2. 修改primary databse的初始化参数

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=’primary’

CONTROL_FILES='d:\oracle\product\oradata\control01.ctl','d:\oracle\product\oradata\control02.ctl','d:\oracle\product\oradata\control03.ctl'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION= d:\oracle\product\arch’

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='arc%s%t%r.arc'

FAL_SERVER=standby

FAL_CLIENT=primary

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

LOCK_NAME_SPACE ----这是当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时要设该参数，设为备用数据库的SID

3. 设置primary database为archivelog模式

SQL>shutdown immediate;

SQL>startup mount;

SQL>alter database archivelog;

SQL>alter database open:

4. 在primary database上创建standby database的控制文件

SQL>shutdown immedaite;

SQL>startup mount;

SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctl’

SQL>alter database open;

然后将该controlfile复制到standby server的对应位置

5. 修改standby databse的初始化参数

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=’standby’

CONTROL_FILES='d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctl'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION= d:\oracle\product\arch’

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=primary'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=’ d:\oracle\product\arch’

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

FAL_SERVER=primary

FAL_CLIENT=standby

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT ----当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT ----当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用

LOCK_NAME_SPACE ----当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时设为备用数据库的SID

具体参数的说明请参考oracle在线文档

6. 设置primary database和standby database的tnsnames.ora

primary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary_server)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = dgtest)

)

)

standby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby_server)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = dgtest)

)

)

7. 启动standby database

SQL>startup nomount pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’

SQL>alter database mount standby database;

8. 启动primary database

SQL>startup pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’

9. 启动standby database到recover manage模式

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Switchover

在primary上

1. SQL>select switchover_status from v$database

switchover_status的值入股是To standby，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active，

则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

3. SQL>shutdowm immediate;

4. SQL>startup mount;

在standby上

1. SQL> select switchover_status from v$database

switchover_status的值入股是To primary，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active，

则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary;

3. SQL>shutdown immediate;

4. SQL>startup;

要想顺利的实现switchover，最好在每台server上都同时设置好primary和standby的一些初始化参数，虽然其中一些参数只有在primary或者standby其中之一上起作用

Failover

在standby上

1. SQL>alter database recover managed standby database finish;

or SQL>alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary;

3. SQL>shutdown immediate;

4. SQL>startup;

相关视图

v$archive_dest

v$archive_dest_status

v$log_history

v$archvied_log

v$managed_standby

v$archive_gap

常见问题

1. 日志无法传送

SQL>select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;

察看相应的归档路径的状态是否valid，否则根据error信息进行处理

2. 无法使用alter database重命名data file

在standby上，当设置standby_file_management为auto时，不允许下列操作

alter database rename

alter database add/drop logfile

alter database add/drop standby logfile member

alter database create datafile as

3. switchover失败

SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby

ORA-01093:alter database close only permitted with no session connected

察看引起该错误的活动session

SQL> select sid,process,program from v$session where type='USER' and

sid<>(select distinct sid from v$mystat);

断开该session，或者使用如下命令来做switchover

SQL>lter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;