mysql基于行记录恢复数据_MySQL基于ROW格式的数据恢复

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/xuanzhi201111/p/5284084.html

MySQL的bin log日志有三种模式Statement、Row、Mixd，Row记录是行的修改情况建议生产环境使用Row格式,记录的是行数据的修改情况，不是原始SQL，万一误操作删除或者更新后又想恢复，把binlog解析出来生产反向的原始SQL

使用脚本binlog-rollback.pl

#!/usr/lib/perl -w

use strict;

use warnings;

use Class::Struct;

use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_ignore_case); # GetOption

# register handler system signals

use sigtrap 'handler', \&sig_int, 'normal-signals';

# catch signal

sub sig_int(){

my ($signals) = @_;

print STDERR "# Caught SIG$signals.\n";

exit 1;

}

my %opt;

my $srcfile;

my $host = '127.0.0.1';

my $port = 3306;

my ($user,$pwd);

my ($MYSQL, $MYSQLBINLOG, $ROLLBACK_DML);

my $outfile = '/dev/null';

my (%do_dbs,%do_tbs);

# tbname=>tbcol, tbcol: @n=>colname,type

my %tbcol_pos;

my $SPLITER_COL = ',';

my $SQLTYPE_IST = 'INSERT';

my $SQLTYPE_UPD = 'UPDATE';

my $SQLTYPE_DEL = 'DELETE';

my $SQLAREA_WHERE = 'WHERE';

my $SQLAREA_SET = 'SET';

my $PRE_FUNCT = '========================== ';

# =========================================================

# 基于row模式的binlog，生成DML(insert/update/delete)的rollback语句

# 通过mysqlbinlog -v 解析binlog生成可读的sql文件

# 提取需要处理的有效sql

# "### "开头的行.如果输入的start-position位于某个event group中间，则会导致"无法识别event"错误

#

# 将INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE 的sql反转,并且1个完整sql只能占1行

# INSERT: INSERT INTO => DELETE FROM, SET => WHERE

# UPDATE: WHERE => SET, SET => WHERE

# DELETE: DELETE FROM => INSERT INTO, WHERE => SET

# 用列名替换位置@{1,2,3}

# 通过desc table获得列顺序及对应的列名

# 特殊列类型value做特别处理

# 逆序

#

# 注意:

# 表结构与现在的表结构必须相同[谨记]

# 由于row模式是幂等的，并且恢复是一次性，所以只提取sql，不提取BEGIN/COMMIT

# 只能对INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE进行处理

# ========================================================

sub main{

# get input option

&get_options();

#

&init_tbcol();

#

&do_binlog_rollback();

}

&main();

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : get options and set option flag

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub get_options{

#Get options info

GetOptions(\%opt,

'help', # OUT : print help info

'f|srcfile=s', # IN : binlog file

'o|outfile=s', # out : output sql file

'h|host=s', # IN : host

'u|user=s', # IN : user

'p|password=s', # IN : password

'P|port=i', # IN : port

'start-datetime=s', # IN : start datetime

'stop-datetime=s', # IN : stop datetime

'start-position=i', # IN : start position

'stop-position=i', # IN : stop position

'd|database=s', # IN : database, split comma

'T|table=s', # IN : table, split comma

'i|ignore', # IN : ignore binlog check ddl and so on

'debug', # IN : print debug information

) or print_usage();

if (!scalar(%opt)) {

&print_usage();

}

# Handle for options

if ($opt{'f'}){

$srcfile = $opt{'f'};

}else{

&merror("please input binlog file");

}

$opt{'h'} and $host = $opt{'h'};

$opt{'u'} and $user = $opt{'u'};

$opt{'p'} and $pwd = $opt{'p'};

$opt{'P'} and $port = $opt{'P'};

if ($opt{'o'}) {

$outfile = $opt{'o'};

# 清空 outfile

`echo '' > $outfile`;

}

#

$MYSQL = qq{mysql -h$host -u$user -p'$pwd' -P$port};

&mdebug("get_options::MYSQL\n\t$MYSQL");

# 提取binlog,不需要显示列定义信息，用-v，而不用-vv

$MYSQLBINLOG = qq{mysqlbinlog -v};

$MYSQLBINLOG .= " --start-position=".$opt{'start-position'} if $opt{'start-position'};

$MYSQLBINLOG .= " --stop-position=".$opt{'stop-position'} if $opt{'stop-postion'};

$MYSQLBINLOG .= " --start-datetime='".$opt{'start-datetime'}."'" if $opt{'start-datetime'};

$MYSQLBINLOG .= " --stop-datetime='$opt{'stop-datetime'}'" if $opt{'stop-datetime'};

$MYSQLBINLOG .= " $srcfile";

&mdebug("get_options::MYSQLBINLOG\n\t$MYSQLBINLOG");

# 检查binlog中是否含有 ddl sql: CREATE|ALTER|DROP|RENAME

&check_binlog() unless ($opt{'i'});

# 不使用mysqlbinlog过滤，USE dbname;方式可能会漏掉某些sql，所以不在mysqlbinlog过滤

# 指定数据库

if ($opt{'d'}){

my @dbs = split(/,/,$opt{'d'});

foreach my $db (@dbs){

$do_dbs{$db}=1;

}

}

# 指定表

if ($opt{'T'}){

my @tbs = split(/,/,$opt{'T'});

foreach my $tb (@tbs){

$do_tbs{$tb}=1;

}

}

# 提取有效DML SQL

$ROLLBACK_DML = $MYSQLBINLOG." | grep '^### '";

# 去掉注释: '### ' -> ''

# 删除首尾空格

$ROLLBACK_DML .= " | sed 's/###\\s*//g;s/\\s*\$//g'";

&mdebug("rollback dml\n\t$ROLLBACK_DML");

# 检查内容是否为空

my $cmd = "$ROLLBACK_DML | wc -l";

&mdebug("check contain dml sql\n\t$cmd");

my $size = `$cmd`;

chomp($size);

unless ($size >0){

&merror("binlog DML is empty:$ROLLBACK_DML");

};

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : check binlog contain DDL

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub check_binlog{

&mdebug("$PRE_FUNCT check_binlog");

my $cmd = "$MYSQLBINLOG ";

$cmd .= " | grep -E -i '^(CREATE|ALTER|DROP|RENAME)' ";

&mdebug("check binlog has DDL cmd\n\t$cmd");

my $ddlcnt = `$cmd`;

chomp($ddlcnt);

my $ddlnum = `$cmd | wc -l`;

chomp($ddlnum);

my $res = 0;

if ($ddlnum>0){

# 在ddl sql前面加上前缀

$ddlcnt = `echo '$ddlcnt' | sed 's/^//g'`;

&merror("binlog contain $ddlnum DDL:$MYSQLBINLOG. ddl sql:\n$ddlcnt");

}

return $res;

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : init all table column order

# if input --database --table params, only get set table column order

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub init_tbcol{

&mdebug("$PRE_FUNCT init_tbcol");

# 提取DML语句

my $cmd .= "$ROLLBACK_DML | grep -E '^(INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE)'";

# 提取表名，并去重

#$cmd .= " | awk '{if (\$1 ~ \"^UPDATE\") {print \$2}else {print \$3}}' | uniq ";

$cmd .= " | awk '{if (\$1 ~ \"^UPDATE\") {print \$2}else {print \$3}}' | sort | uniq ";

&mdebug("get table name cmd\n\t$cmd");

open ALLTABLE, "$cmd | " or die "can't open file:$cmd\n";

while (my $tbname = ){

chomp($tbname);

#if (exists $tbcol_pos{$tbname}){

# next;

#}

&init_one_tbcol($tbname) unless (&ignore_tb($tbname));

}

close ALLTABLE or die "can't close file:$cmd\n";

# init tb col

foreach my $tb (keys %tbcol_pos){

&mdebug("tbname->$tb");

my %colpos = %{$tbcol_pos{$tb}};

foreach my $pos (keys %colpos){

my $col = $colpos{$pos};

my ($cname,$ctype) = split(/$SPLITER_COL/, $col);

&mdebug("\tpos->$pos,cname->$cname,ctype->$ctype");

}

}

};

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : init one table column order

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub init_one_tbcol{

my $tbname = shift;

&mdebug("$PRE_FUNCT init_one_tbcol");

# 获取表结构及列顺序

my $cmd = $MYSQL." --skip-column-names --silent -e 'desc $tbname'";

# 提取列名，并拼接

$cmd .= " | awk -F\'\\t\' \'{print NR\"$SPLITER_COL`\"\$1\"`$SPLITER_COL\"\$2}'";

&mdebug("get table column infor cmd\n\t$cmd");

open TBCOL,"$cmd | " or die "can't open desc $tbname;";

my %colpos;

while (my $line = ){

chomp($line);

my ($pos,$col,$coltype) = split(/$SPLITER_COL/,$line);

&mdebug("linesss=$line\n\t\tpos=$pos\n\t\tcol=$col\n\t\ttype=$coltype");

$colpos{$pos} = $col.$SPLITER_COL.$coltype;

}

close TBCOL or die "can't colse desc $tbname";

$tbcol_pos{$tbname} = \%colpos;

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : rollback sql: INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub do_binlog_rollback{

my $binlogfile = "$ROLLBACK_DML ";

&mdebug("$PRE_FUNCT do_binlog_rollback");

# INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE

my $sqltype;

# WHERE|SET

my $sqlarea;

my ($tbname, $sqlstr) = ('', '');

my ($notignore, $isareabegin) = (0,0);

# output sql file

open SQLFILE, ">> $outfile" or die "Can't open sql file:$outfile";

# binlog file

open BINLOG, "$binlogfile |" or die "Can't open file: $binlogfile";

while (my $line = ){

chomp($line);

if ($line =~ /^(INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE)/){

# export sql

if ($sqlstr ne ''){

$sqlstr .= ";\n";

print SQLFILE $sqlstr;

&mdebug("export sql\n\t".$sqlstr);

$sqlstr = '';

}

if ($line =~ /^INSERT/){

$sqltype = $SQLTYPE_IST;

$tbname = `echo '$line' | awk '{print \$3}'`;

chomp($tbname);

$sqlstr = qq{DELETE FROM $tbname};

}elsif ($line =~ /^UPDATE/){

$sqltype = $SQLTYPE_UPD;

$tbname = `echo '$line' | awk '{print \$2}'`;

chomp($tbname);

$sqlstr = qq{UPDATE $tbname};

}elsif ($line =~ /^DELETE/){

$sqltype = $SQLTYPE_DEL;

$tbname = `echo '$line' | awk '{print \$3}'`;

chomp($tbname);

$sqlstr = qq{INSERT INTO $tbname};

}

# check ignore table

if(&ignore_tb($tbname)){

$notignore = 0;

&mdebug("#IGNORE#:line:".$line);

$sqlstr = '';

}else{

$notignore = 1;

&mdebug("#DO#:line:".$line);

}

}else {

if($notignore){

&merror("can't get tbname") unless (defined($tbname));

if ($line =~ /^WHERE/){

$sqlarea = $SQLAREA_WHERE;

$sqlstr .= qq{ SET};

$isareabegin = 1;

}elsif ($line =~ /^SET/){

$sqlarea = $SQLAREA_SET;

$sqlstr .= qq{ WHERE};

$isareabegin = 1;

}elsif ($line =~ /^\@/){

$sqlstr .= &deal_col_value($tbname, $sqltype, $sqlarea, $isareabegin, $line);

$isareabegin = 0;

}else{

&mdebug("::unknown sql:".$line);

}

}

}

}

# export last sql

if ($sqlstr ne ''){

$sqlstr .= ";\n";

print SQLFILE $sqlstr;

&mdebug("export sql\n\t".$sqlstr);

}

close BINLOG or die "Can't close binlog file: $binlogfile";

close SQLFILE or die "Can't close out sql file: $outfile";

# 逆序

# 1!G: 只有第一行不执行G, 将hold space中的内容append回到pattern space

# h: 将pattern space 拷贝到hold space

# $!d: 除最后一行都删除

my $invert = "sed -i '1!G;h;\$!d' $outfile";

my $res = `$invert`;

&mdebug("inverter order sqlfile :$invert");

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : transfer column pos to name

# deal column value

#

# &deal_col_value($tbname, $sqltype, $sqlarea, $isareabegin, $line);

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub deal_col_value($$$$$){

my ($tbname, $sqltype, $sqlarea, $isareabegin, $line) = @_;

&mdebug("$PRE_FUNCT deal_col_value");

&mdebug("input:tbname->$tbname,type->$sqltype,area->$sqlarea,areabegin->$isareabegin,line->$line");

my @vals = split(/=/, $line);

my $pos = substr($vals[0],1);

my $valstartpos = length($pos)+2;

my $val = substr($line,$valstartpos);

my %tbcol = %{$tbcol_pos{$tbname}};

my ($cname,$ctype) = split(/$SPLITER_COL/,$tbcol{$pos});

&merror("can't get $tbname column $cname type") unless (defined($cname) || defined($ctype));

&mdebug("column infor:cname->$cname,type->$ctype");

# join str

my $joinstr;

if ($isareabegin){

$joinstr = ' ';

}else{

# WHERE 被替换为 SET, 使用 , 连接

if ($sqlarea eq $SQLAREA_WHERE){

$joinstr = ', ';

# SET 被替换为 WHERE 使用 AND 连接

}elsif ($sqlarea eq $SQLAREA_SET){

$joinstr = ' AND ';

}else{

&merror("!!!!!!The scripts error");

}

}

#

my $newline = $joinstr;

# NULL value

if (($val eq 'NULL') && ($sqlarea eq $SQLAREA_SET)){

$newline .= qq{ $cname IS NULL};

}else{

# timestamp: record seconds

if ($ctype eq 'timestamp'){

$newline .= qq{$cname=from_unixtime($val)};

# datetime: @n=yyyy-mm-dd hh::ii::ss

}elsif ($ctype eq 'datetime'){

$newline .= qq{$cname='$val'};

}else{

$newline .= qq{$cname=$val};

}

}

&mdebug("\told>$line\n\tnew>$newline");

return $newline;

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : check is ignore table

# params: IN table full name # format:`dbname`.`tbname`

# RETURN：

# 0 not ignore

# 1 ignore

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub ignore_tb($){

my $fullname = shift;

# 删除`

$fullname =~ s/`//g;

my ($dbname,$tbname) = split(/\./,$fullname);

my $res = 0;

# 指定了数据库

if ($opt{'d'}){

# 与指定库相同

if ($do_dbs{$dbname}){

# 指定表

if ($opt{'T'}){

# 与指定表不同

unless ($do_tbs{$tbname}){

$res = 1;

}

}

# 与指定库不同

}else{

$res = 1;

}

}

#&mdebug("Table check ignore:$fullname->$res");

return $res;

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : print debug msg

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub mdebug{

my (@msg) = @_;

print "@msg\n" if ($opt{'debug'});

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : print error msg and exit

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub merror{

my (@msg) = @_;

print ":@msg\n";

&print_usage();

exit(1);

}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Func : print usage

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub print_usage{

print <

==========================================================================================

Command line options :

--help # OUT : print help info

-f, --srcfile # IN : binlog file. [required]

-o, --outfile # OUT : output sql file. [required]

-h, --host # IN : host. default '127.0.0.1'

-u, --user # IN : user. [required]

-p, --password # IN : password. [required]

-P, --port # IN : port. default '3306'

--start-datetime # IN : start datetime

--stop-datetime # IN : stop datetime

--start-position # IN : start position

--stop-position # IN : stop position

-d, --database # IN : database, split comma

-T, --table # IN : table, split comma. [required] set -d

-i, --ignore # IN : ignore binlog check contain DDL(CREATE|ALTER|DROP|RENAME)

--debug # IN : print debug information

Sample :

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd'

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -i

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' --debug

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -h '192.168.1.2' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -P 3307

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' --start-position=107

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' --start-position=107 --stop-position=10000

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -d 'db1,db2'

shell> perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.0000*' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -d 'db1,db2' -T 'tb1,tb2'

==========================================================================================

EOF

exit;

}

1;

该脚本只能反向DML语句及对表的增删修改(insert/delete/update)操作

查看日志格式，必须为row格式

show variables like "binlog_format";

show variables like "binlog_format";

运行脚本不加参数会显示脚本帮助

-f自定binlog日志文件

-o输出反向后的sql语句

-u用户名

-p密码

-i忽略DDL语句

-d指定库名

-T指定表名

--start-position --stop-position指定读取的POS开始及结束位置

数据库新建一个库test及库下的表test用于测试

create database test;

use table

create table test(id int)

查看bin log文件及POS位置值

往表test里面插入一条数据

insert into test values(1);

反向解析

perl binlog-rollback.pl -f 'mysql-bin.002611' -o '/tmp/t.sql' -u 'root' -p '123456' -i

查看解析出来的反向语句

cat /tmp/t.sql

DELETE FROM `test`.`test` WHERE `id`=1;

插入数据的反向是删除，把该sql导入mysql则可以把刚刚的操作取消

模拟误操作把该条数据删除

delete from test.test where id=1;

查看已经没有该数据了

反向解析，删除的反向就是插入，把该语句导入mysql即可

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1

查看数据回来了

模拟修改后的恢复

修改数据

update test.test set id=2 where id =1 ;

查看

反向修改错了反向后的语句如下

导入即可恢复