为解决Zabbix housekeeper报警及提升性能，本文介绍了如何清空并分区Zabbix MySQL数据库的history等大表。通过truncate命令删除历史数据，然后创建SQL文件进行表分区，包括创建、验证、维护和定时执行的存储过程，以实现自动分区管理。最终，检查分区效果并关闭Zabbix自带的清理功能。
zabbix经常出现Zabbix housekeeper processes more than 75% busy报警，报警时WEB访问就变得很慢，尤其是加载历史数据的图形。
使用网上的调优设置，修改过housekeeper的进程和间隔时间，效果都不太理想。
因此就按照网上的建议，做一下zabbix mysql的数据库表的分区吧。
使用mysql表分区来对history这种大表进行分区，但是一定要在数据量小的时候进行分区，当数据量达到好几十G设置几百G了还是采用第一种方法把数据清理了再作表分区。
我看了下我的数据，也是非常大。
[root@zabbix ~]# find /netzbxdb/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -rh | head -n 10
18G /netzbxdb/zabbix/history_uint.ibd
5.1G /netzbxdb/zabbix/history.ibd
2.1G /netzbxdb/zabbix/trends_uint.ibd
1.1G /netzbxdb/binlog.000051
1.1G /netzbxdb/binlog.000050
1.1G /netzbxdb/binlog.000049
过程不写了，最后做法是清空zabbix历史数据，再进行分区。
步骤如下吧！
1，使用truncate命令清空zabbix 所有监控数据
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table history;
optimize table history;
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table history_str;
optimize table history_str;
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table history_uint;
optimize table history_uint;
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table trends;
optimize table trends;
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table trends_uint;
optimize table trends_uint;
-------------------------------------------------------
truncate table events;
optimize table events;
-------------------------------------------------------
注意：这些命令会把zabbix所有的监控数据清空，只是清空监控数据，添加的主机，配置，拓扑图不会丢失。如果对监控数据比较看重的话注意备份数据库
truncate是删除了表，然后根据表结构重新建立。
2，创建sql文件
[root@zabbix ~]# vim partition.sql
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/
DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = "";
/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
SET @__interval = 1;
create_loop: LOOP
IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;
SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
END IF;
SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
END LOOP;
SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
3，导入sql文件
[root@zabbix ~]# mysql -uzabbix -p123456 zabbix < partition.sql
4，添加计划任务
[root@zabbix ~]# crontab -e
#zabbix partition_maintenance
01 01 * * * mysql -uzabbix -p123456 zabbix -e"CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &>/var/log/partition.log
注意： mysql的zabbix用户的密码部分按照实际环境配置
首次执行一次，确保已成功执行。
将crontab时间改为后1分钟，等待1分钟，再看log即可,比如现在是14：45，那就修改crontab如下：
[root@zabbix ~]# crontab -e
46 14 * * * mysql -uzabbix -p123456 zabbix -e"CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix')" &>/var/log/partition.log
5，检查分区是否成功
可以在/var/log/partition.log查看：
[root@zabbix ~]# cat /var/log/partition.log
也可以登陆mysql，使用以下命令查看：
最后，再检查一下mysql目录下的表文件，可以看到经过分区后的表的数据库文件由原来打个ibd文件变成了按照日期划分的多个ibd文件。
[root@zabbix zabbix]# ll -h | grep history
6，关闭zabbix再带的清理功能。
依次打开，管理—-一般—-设置—管家，取消图中标识的2处勾选。
至此，zabbix5.0 mysql表分区完成，本人亲测，zabbix5.0有效。
附：修改’partition_maintenance_all
show procedure status like ‘partition_maintenance%’ \G;
drop procedure partition_maintenance_all;
重新复制修改后的partition_maintenance_all
CALL partition_maintenance_all(‘zabbix’);
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