1.卸载旧版本

yum remove docker \
    docker-client \
    docker-client-latest \
    docker-common \
    docker-latest \
    docker-latest-logrotate \
    docker-logrotate \
    docker-engine
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2.配置Docker的yum库

首先要安装一个yum工具

yum install -y yum-utils
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如果报错

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Could not retrieve mirrorlist  http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was 14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host:  mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"

One of the configured repositories failed (未知), and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

 2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
    upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
    distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
    packages for the previous distribution release still work).

 3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
        yum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...

 4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
    will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
    again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:

        yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>
    or
        subscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>

 5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
    Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
    so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
    slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
    compromise:

        yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true
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先运行下面这段指令

 sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
>          -e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos|g' \
>          -i.bak \
>          /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
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然后再输入

yum makecache
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再重新执行

yum install -y yum-utils
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安装成功后，执行命令，配置Docker的yum源

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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3.安装Docker

最后执行命令，安装Docker

yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
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4启动和校验

# 启动Docker
systemctl start docker

# 停止Docker
systemctl stop docker

# 重启
systemctl restart docker

# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable docker

# 执行docker ps命令，如果不报错，说明安装启动成功
docker ps
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5.配置镜像加速

根据阿里云的说明去配置

Docker安装以及各种坑的总结_centos