linux 查看本地环境配置,Linux系统中PATH环境变量的查看与设定

1.查看环境变量

(1).查看单个环境变量

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

(2)查看所有环境变量

[root@server3 ~]# env

(3)查看所有本地定义的环境变量

[root@server3 ~]# set

2.设置环境变量

(1).export命令

生效方法：立即生效

有效期限：临时改变，只能在当前的终端窗口中有效，当前窗口关闭后就会恢复原有的path配置

用户局限：当前用户

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/bin:$PATH

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

#还原：

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 10:40:18 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

(2).修改~/.bashrc文件

生效方法：1.关闭当前终端窗口，重新打开一个新终端窗口就能生效

2.输入“source ~/.bashrc”命令，立即生效

有效期限：永久有效

用户局限：当前用户

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

# ~ 即为 /root

[root@server3 ~]# vim ~/.bashrc

#################

export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/bin:$PATH

[root@server3 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 10:46:22 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

#还原：

[root@server3 ~]# vim ~/.bashrc

################

删除： export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/bin:$PATH

[root@server3 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 10:55:54 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

(3)修改.bash_profile文件

生效方法：source命令

有效期限：永久有效

用户局限：当前用户

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# vim .bash_profile

#################

添加 :/usr/local/nginx/bin

[root@server3 ~]# source .bash_profile

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/nginx/bin

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 11:05:47 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/nginx/bin

#还原：

[root@server3 ~]# vim .bash_profile

#################

删除 :/usr/local/nginx/bin

[root@server3 ~]# source .bash_profile

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/nginx/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 11:22:46 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

(4)修改/etc/profile文件

生效方法：source命令

有效期限：永久有效

用户局限：对所有用户

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/profile

#################

export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/bin:$PATH

[root@server3 ~]# source /etc/profile

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

#还原：

[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/profile

#################

删除： export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/bin:$PATH

[root@server3 ~]# source /etc/profile

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/nginx/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@server3 ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 172.25.66.3 closed.

[root@foundation66 bin]# ssh root@172.25.66.3

root@172.25.66.3's password:

Last login: Sun Apr 14 10:59:01 2019 from foundation66.localdomain

[root@server3 ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

3.常用的环境变量

PATH #决定了shell将到哪些目录中寻找命令或程序

HOME #当前用户主目录

HISTSIZE　 #历史记录数

LOGNAME #当前用户的登录名

HOSTNAME　 #指主机的名称

SHELL #当前用户Shell类型

LANGUGE 　 #语言相关的环境变量，多语言可以修改此环境变量

MAIL　 #当前用户的邮件存放目录

PS1　 #基本提示符，对于root用户是#，对于普通用户是$