LeetCode 94. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal

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Problem

题目链接

Solution

给定一棵二叉树,返回该二叉树的中序(inorder)遍历结果。
首先,递归版本。采用递归的写法,思路很简单。但是虽然时间空间复杂度也是渐近意义上的O(n)但是常系数会很大,改为迭代法可以很有效的降低时间空间复杂度。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> ans;
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        if(root==NULL) return ans;
        if(root->left) inorderTraversal(root->left);
        ans.push_back(root->val);
        if(root->right) inorderTraversal(root->right);
        return ans;
    }
};

第二,试着写迭代版本。我们要如何把上述递归的过程用迭代来模拟呢?
中序遍历的过程可以总结成如下图所示的过程,先找到最左下角的那个节点Ld(这个节点肯定没有左子树了,可能有右子树),那么根据中序遍历左中右的顺序,我们可以直接访问Ld,然后再进入Ld的右子树Rd(可能为空),若有的话,可以对Rd做与上述相同的操作,即可遍历整棵二叉树。
在这里插入图片描述

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void gotoleft(TreeNode* x,stack<TreeNode*> &st,vector<int> &ans)
    {
        while(x)
        {
            st.push(x);
            x=x->left;
        }
        return;
    }
    
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        TreeNode* p=root;
        while(true)
        {
            gotoleft(p,st,ans);
            if(st.empty()) break;
            p=st.top();
            st.pop();
            ans.push_back(p->val);
            p=p->right;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};
1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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