range
range(l, r, step) # [ l, r ) step
new_list = [ i for i in range(0,10,2) ] # 只有在用的时候才创建一个
# [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
new_list = [ i for i in range(0,10) if i%2 == 0 ] # 可以加if条件
# [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
new_list = [ (i,j) for i in range(2) for j in range(3) ]
# [(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2)]
map
map(函数、lambda匿名函数, [可迭代对象],[可迭代对象] ,… )
说明:函数有几个参数,就有几个可迭代对象
obj1 = map(lambda x:x**2,[1,2,3])
# 结果 [1,4,8]
obj2 = map(lambda x,y:x+y,[1,2,3],[1,2,3])
# 结果 [2,4,6]
def func(x,y):
return (x,y)
L1 = [1,2,3]
L2 = [1,2,3]
obj3 = map(func,L1,L2)
# 结果
# (1, 1)
# (2, 2)
# (3, 3)
filter
与map的使用方法一样,返回结果不一样。filter的意思是“过滤”,它只返回结果为True的值构成的可迭代对象。
obj1 = map(lambda x:x%2,[1,2,3,4])
# 结果 [1,3]
reduce
sorted
sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) —> new sorted list
生成器generator
创建生成器有两种方式
方式1:range+()
In [7]: b = ( x for x in range(1000) ) # b = [ x for x in range(1000) ]
In [8]: b
Out[8]: <generator object <genexpr> at 0x0000000007048630> # generator:生成器
In [9]: next(b)
Out[9]: 0
In [10]: next(b)
Out[10]: 1
In [..]: next(b) # 最后一次调用时,会报错
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
StopIteration Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-adb3e17b0219> in <module>()
----> 1 next(b)
StopIteration:
方式2:yield、next / __next__、send
只要函数里面有yield,该函数就是生成器generator(它就已经不是函数了)
说明:
① 遇见yield程序停止,并返回yield后面的变量的值
② next / __next__、send使得生成器generator向下走一步
def Fib():
a,b = 0,1
for i in range(3):
yield b
a,b = b,a+b
# Fib() <generator object creatNum at 0x00000223BF339360>
for iter in Fib():
print(iter)
# 取下一个元素
next(Fib()) Fib().__init__()
协程:yield :使用yield实现“协程”
def test1():
while True:
print("---1---")
yield None
def test2():
while True:
print("---2---")
yield None
t1 = test1() # 生成器1
t2 = test2() # 生成器2
while True:
t1.__next__()
t2.__next__()