需求:并行执行两个任务,在两个任务都结束后取执行结果,再进行下一步处理。
首先肯定要用到多线程,需要获取执行结果就要用到Future。百度了下JDK1.8引入的CompletableFuture很适合,他优化了Future,同时避免了Future调用get方法时出现阻塞。另外如果不设置Thread Pool时,他会默认使用ForkJoinPool。
package test.pool;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CompletableFutureTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
runWithFixedPool(50);
runWithoutFixedPool(50);
}
static void runWithFixedPool(int number) {
Instant start = Instant.now();
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
CompletableFuture<String> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("aaa", number);
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<String> b = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("bbb", number);
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<String> c = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("ccc", number);
}, executor);
try {
System.out.println(a.get());
System.out.println(b.get());
System.out.println(c.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
executor.shutdown();
Instant end = Instant.now();
System.out.println("execution time - with fixed thread pool: " + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());
}
}
static void runWithoutFixedPool(int number) {
Instant start = Instant.now();
CompletableFuture<String> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("aaa", number);
});
CompletableFuture<String> b = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("bbb", number);
});
CompletableFuture<String> c = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return printNumber("ccc", number);
});
try {
System.out.println(a.get());
System.out.println(b.get());
System.out.println(c.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
Instant end = Instant.now();
System.out.println("execution time - no thread pool: " + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());
}
}
static String printNumber(String text, int number) {
int total = 0;
for (int i=1; i<= number; i++) {
total +=i;
System.out.println(text + ": " + i);
}
return text + total;
}
}
如上例,a、b、c是异步并行执行的。两个方法一个使用了FixThreadPool,另一个用的默认的Pool,默认的Pool执行会更快一些。
50个number:
execution time - with fixed thread pool: 66
execution time - no thread pool: 5
500个number:
execution time - with fixed thread pool: 98
execution time - no thread pool: 20
另外补充一个问题,使用异步方法时,Feign请求的header会丢失,它不会继承总线程的。所以需要先获取到总线程的request数据,再执行异步方法时放入该数据。如下:
RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
......
CompletableFuture<String> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(requestAttributes);
return printNumber("aaa", number);
});
参考:
https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1252599548343744/1306581182447650