正则表达式 \1

 

var testStr = ["HHHDDFFFFFFF", "HHHDFFFFFFF", "FFHHHDFFFFFFF",  "FFDFFFFFFF"];
function codeStr(str) {
    var mapObj = []
    var reg = /(H|D|F)(\1*)/g;
    var curMatch;
    while(curMatch = reg.exec(str)) {
        var tempObj = {};
        tempObj.key = curMatch[1];
        tempObj.val = curMatch[0].length;
        mapObj.push(tempObj);

    }
    return mapObj;
}

function codeStr2(str) {
    var mapObj = []
    var reg = /(H|D|F)(\1*)/g;
    str.replace(reg, function() {
        //arguments和exec执行结果相同，猜猜replace方法由exec方法衍生出来，未验证
        curMatch = arguments;
        var tempObj = {};
        tempObj.key = curMatch[1];
        tempObj.val = curMatch[0].length;
        mapObj.push(tempObj);
    })
    return mapObj;
}

for(var i=0;i<testStr.length;i++) {
    console.log(codeStr2(testStr[i]));
}