Spring 中 Bean 的生命周期

Spring 中 Bean 的生命周期

Spring 最主要的的功能就是Bean的创建使用，所以了解Spring 中Bean 的生命周期是有必要的。
在Spring中描述一个配置的Bean是使用 BeanDefinition ，所以对于Bean的初始化流程是扫描读取（XML 或者是注解）Bean的配置，然后在根据BeanDefinition 进行初始化Bean 放到 Spring 容器中。其中在读取配置BeanDefinition 的时候和创建Bean的实例对象的时候，Spring 提供很多的扩展方式参与到BeanDefinition 和 Bean创建的生命周期，通过BeanDefinition 属性的修改可以影响到Bean 的创建。

Spring 初始化的主要流程是定义在AbstractApplicationContext.refresh

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// 一些准备工作，读取一些配置变量，设置启动标识等
			prepareRefresh();

			// 创建BeanFactory 并将BeanDefinition 放入对应的Map 中
			// 方法最终会调用 AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory 
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// 设置BeanFactory 的类加载器 ， 设置几个特殊的BeanPostProcessor
			// BeanPostProcessor 用于加入到Bean 的生命周期，初始化前postProcessBeforeInitialization
			//初始化后执行 postProcessAfterInitialization 可以用于创建Bean 改变Bean 属性
			//这里也会有ApplicationListenerDetector （BeanPostProcessor）用于注册监听器
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// 留给子类的扩展点，可以在这里添加BeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor 
				// BeanFactoryPostProcessor 可以对beanFactory进行相关操作
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// 调用 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 实现类的 postProcessBeanFactory(factory)方法
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// 注册 BeanPostProcessor 的实现类，Bean 还没有初始化
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// 国际化相关操作
				initMessageSource();

				// 初始化 ApplicationContext 的事件广播器，对ApplicationListener 的处理，这个会在后面的registerListeners（）进行添加
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// 模板方法 留给子类扩展
				onRefresh();

				//注册ApplicationListener 事件监听器
				registerListeners();

				//初始化所有的 singleton beans （lazy-init 的除外）
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				//  最后，广播事件ApplicationContext 初始化完成，并做一些清理操作等
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				//  销魂Bean
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

流程图简单说明Bean的生命周期

直接代码验证一下

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class BeanFactoryPostProcessorDemo implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanFactoryPostProcessorDemo.postProcessBeanFactory");
    }
}

import com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1;
import com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//注意在这里不要用getBean 方法 否则会导致容器初始化异常的，会打乱容器的初始化流程
@Component
public class BeanPostProcessorDemo implements BeanPostProcessor {


    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        //所有的bean 都会进来所以我们应该过滤一下
        if(bean instanceof BeanDemo1 || bean instanceof BeanDemo2){
            System.out.println("BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessBeforeInitialization-"+beanName + "-" + bean );

        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if(bean instanceof BeanDemo1 || bean instanceof BeanDemo2){
            System.out.println("BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessAfterInitialization-"+beanName + "-" + bean );
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

package com.study.maindemo.beancycle;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

@Component
public class BeanDemo1 implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean, BeanFactoryAware, DisposableBean {

    @Autowired
    private BeanDemo2 beanDemo2;

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    private BeanFactory beanFactory;

    public BeanDemo1(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 create");
    }

    public BeanDemo2 getBeanDemo2() {
        return beanDemo2;
    }
    //没有用这个方法注入
    public void setBeanDemo2(BeanDemo2 beanDemo2) {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 beanDemo2 set");
        this.beanDemo2 = beanDemo2;
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 applicationContext set");
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 applicationContext beanDemo2："+ beanDemo2);
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 PostConstruct");
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 PostConstruct beanDemo2："+ beanDemo2);
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 preDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 afterPropertiesSet");
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 afterPropertiesSet beanDemo2："+ beanDemo2);
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 setBeanFactory");
        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 setBeanFactory beanDemo2："+ beanDemo2);
    }


    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo1 destroy");
    }
}

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;


@Component
public class BeanDemo2 implements ApplicationContextAware,InitializingBean, BeanFactoryAware {

    @Autowired
    private BeanDemo1 beanDemo1;
    private BeanFactory beanFactory;

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public BeanDemo2(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 create");
    }

    public BeanDemo1 getBeanDemo1() {
        return beanDemo1;
    }

    public void setBeanDemo1(BeanDemo1 beanDemo1) {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 beanDemo1 set");
        this.beanDemo1 = beanDemo1;
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 applicationContext set");
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 applicationContext beanDemo1："+ beanDemo1);
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 PostConstruct");
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 PostConstruct beanDemo1："+ beanDemo1);
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 destory");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 afterPropertiesSet");
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 afterPropertiesSet beanDemo1："+ beanDemo1);
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 setBeanFactory");
        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
        System.out.println("BeanDemo2 setBeanFactory beanDemo1："+ beanDemo1);
    }
}

---

程序的打印结果

BeanFactoryPostProcessorDemo.postProcessBeanFactory
BeanDemo1 create
BeanDemo2 create
BeanDemo2 setBeanFactory
BeanDemo2 setBeanFactory beanDemo1：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanDemo2 applicationContext set
BeanDemo2 applicationContext beanDemo1：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessBeforeInitialization-beanDemo2-com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanDemo2 PostConstruct
BeanDemo2 PostConstruct beanDemo1：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanDemo2 afterPropertiesSet
BeanDemo2 afterPropertiesSet beanDemo1：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessAfterInitialization-beanDemo2-com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanDemo1 setBeanFactory
BeanDemo1 setBeanFactory beanDemo2：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanDemo1 applicationContext set
BeanDemo1 applicationContext beanDemo2：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessBeforeInitialization-beanDemo1-com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanDemo1 PostConstruct
BeanDemo1 PostConstruct beanDemo2：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanDemo1 afterPropertiesSet
BeanDemo1 afterPropertiesSet beanDemo2：com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo2@18cc679e
BeanPostProcessorDemo.postProcessAfterInitialization-beanDemo1-com.study.maindemo.beancycle.BeanDemo1@9f46d94
BeanDemo2 destory
BeanDemo1 preDestroy
BeanDemo1 destroy

Bean的创建流程及如何解决循环引用问题