多线程学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:40:46 发布

weixin_37235288

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:40:46 发布

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文章标签：开发语言 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37235288/article/details/123460511

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程序、线程和进程

程序：程序是指令和数据的有序集合，其本身没有任何运行的含义，是一个静态的概念。
进程：进程是程序的一次执行过程，它是一个动态的概念。是系统资源分配的单位。
线程：一个进程中至少包含一个线程，否则没有存在的意义。线程是CPU执行和调度的单位。

线程是独立的执行路径。
程序运行时，即使没有自己创建线程，后台也有多个线程，比如主线程、gc线程。
main()是主线程，系统的入口，用于执行整个程序。
一个进程中，如果开辟了多个线程，线程的调度由CPU安排调度，CPU与操作系统紧密相关，人为不能干预。
对同一份资源操作时，会存在资源抢夺问题，需要加入并发控制。
线程会带来额外的开销，如并发控制开销，CPU调度开销。
每个线程在自己的工作内存交互，内存不当会造成数据不一致。

Thread

自定义线程继承Thread类
重写run()方法，编写线程执行体
创建线程对象，调用start()方法

//创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start()开启线程
//注意：线程开启不一定立即执行，由CPU调度执行
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程

        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();

        //调用start方法开启线程
        testThread01.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread02 extends Thread{

    private String url;  //网络图片地址
    private String name; //保存的文件名

    public TestThread02(String name, String url) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(name,url);
        System.out.println("下载的文件名为" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("1.jpg","图片url");
        TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("1.jpg","图片url");
        TestThread02 t3 = new TestThread02("1.jpg","图片url");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String name, String url){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
        }

    }
}

实现Runnable接口

定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
实现run()方法，编写线程执行体
创建线程对象，调用start()方法启动线程

推荐使用Runnable接口，因为java单继承的局限性

//创建线程方式2：实现Runnable接口，重写run()方法，执行线程需要丢人Runnable接口实现类，调用start方法
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建Runnable接口实现类对象
        TestThread03 testThread03 = new TestThread03();
        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象开启我们的线程，代理
        new Thread(testThread03).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程---" + i);
        }
    }
}

//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{

    //票数
    private int ticketNum = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNum <= 0){
                break;
            }

            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第" + ticketNum-- + "票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread04 ticket = new TestThread04();

        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
    }
}

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{

    //胜利者
    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for(int i = 0;i <= 100;i++){

            //模拟兔子睡觉
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i % 10 == 0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束，停止程序
            if(flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }

    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if(winner != null){
            return true;
        }else{
            if(steps == 100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is " + winner);
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();

        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

实现callcable接口

实现Runnable接口，需要返回值类型
重写call方法，需要抛出异常
创建目标对象
创建执行服务：ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
提交执行：Future r1 = ser.submit(t1)
获取结果：boolean rs1 = r1.get()
关闭服务：ser.shutdownNow()

public class TestThread05 implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url;     //网络图片地址
    private String name;    //保存的文件名

    public TestThread05(String name, String url) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public Boolean call() throws Exception {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(name,url);
        System.out.println("下载的文件名为" + name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestThread05 t1 = new TestThread05("1.jpg","图片url");
        TestThread05 t2 = new TestThread05("1.jpg","图片url");
        TestThread05 t3 = new TestThread05("1.jpg","图片url");

        //创建执行任务
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);

        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();

        System.out.println(rs1);
        System.out.println(rs2);
        System.out.println(rs3);

        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdownNow()
    }
}

静态代理

真实对象和代理对象实现同一个接口
代理对象代理真实对象

//静态代理
public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}

class You implements Marry{

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("秦老师要结婚了，超级开心");
    }
}

class WeddingCompany implements Marry{

    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target){
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        after();
    }

    public void before(){
        System.out.println("结婚之前，布置现场");
    }

    public void after(){
        System.out.println("结婚之后，收尾款");
    }
}

Lambda表达式

public class TestLambda {

    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{

        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("I like lambda2");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lambda();

        //4局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I like lambda3");
            }
        }

        like = new Like3();
        like.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I like lambda3");
            }
        };

        //6.lambda表达式简化
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("I like lambda4");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}

//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    void lambda();
}

//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{

    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println("I like lambda");
    }
}

public class TestLambda2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILove love = null;

        love = (a,b,c)->{
            System.out.println(a);
            System.out.println(b);
        };

        love.love(501,502,503);
    }
}

interface ILove{
    void love(int a,int b,int c);
}

线程状态

创建状态
就绪状态
阻塞状态
运行状态
死亡状态

public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1. 设置一个标志位flag
    private boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run...Thread" + i++);
        }
    }

    //2.设置一个方法停止线程

    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠

sleep（时间）指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
sleep存在异常InterruptedException
sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
sleep可以模拟网络延时，倒计时等
每一个对象都有一个锁，sleep对象不会释放锁

public class TestSleep {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            tenDown();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num = 10;
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if(num <= 0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

线程礼让

让当前正在执行线程暂停，但不阻塞
将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
让cpu重新调度，礼让不一定成功，看cpu心情

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程结束执行");
    }
}

Join

Join合并线程，待此线程完成之后，再执行其他线程，其他线程阻塞
可以想象成插队

public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程VIP来了" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();
            }
        }
    }
}

线程状态

//测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("///");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}

线程优先级（优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低）

public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();
    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护线程

线程分为守护线程和用户线程
虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
如，后台操作数据库，监控内存，垃圾回收等等

public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You2 you2 = new You2();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);

        thread.start();
        new Thread(you2).start();
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}

//你
class You2 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("======goodBye World");
    }
}

线程同步

线程同步其实是一种等待机制，多个需要同时访问此对象的线程进入对象的等待池形成队列，等待前面一个线程使用完毕，下一个线程再使用。

三大线程不安全案例

//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeByTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"苦逼的我").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"牛逼的你们").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        if(ticketNums <= 0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlfriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlfriend");

        you.start();
        girlfriend.start();
    }
}

class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够，取不了");
            return;
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name + "余额为：" + account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱：" + nowMoney);
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

同步方法和同步块

//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeByTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"苦逼的我").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"牛逼的你们").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        if(ticketNums <= 0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlfriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlfriend");

        you.start();
        girlfriend.start();
    }
}

class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够，取不了");
                return;
            }

            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

            System.out.println(account.name + "余额为：" + account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱：" + nowMoney);
        }
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

测试JUC安全类型的集合

public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

死锁

多个线程各自占有一公共资源，并且互相等待其他线程占有的资源才能运行，而导致两个或者多个线程都在等待对方释放资源，都停止的情形。某个同步块拥有"两个以上对象的锁"时，就可能发生死锁的问题。

//死锁
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class LipsTick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread{

    static LipsTick lipsTick = new LipsTick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice == 0){
            synchronized (lipsTick){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror){
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        }else{
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (lipsTick){
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

产生死锁的四个必要条件

互斥条件：一个资源一次只能被一个进程使用
请求与保持条件：一个进程因请求的资源而阻塞时，对以获得的资源保持不放
不剥夺条件：进程已获得的资源，在执行完成之前，不能强行剥夺
循环等待条件：若干进程之间形成一种头尾相连的循环等待资源关系

Lock锁

通过显示定义同步锁对象来实现同步。同步锁用Lock对象充当。

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{

    int ticketNums = 10;

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();
                if(ticketNums > 0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

生产者消费者问题

管程法

//生产者、消费者、产品、缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
        new Productor(synContainer).start();
        new Consumer(synContainer).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer synContainer;

    public Productor(SynContainer synContainer) {
        this.synContainer = synContainer;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            synContainer.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer synContainer;

    public Consumer(SynContainer synContainer) {
        this.synContainer = synContainer;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            synContainer.pop();
            System.out.println("消费了" + i + "鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id; //编号

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) {
        //如果容器满了，就需要消费者消费
        if(count == chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费，生产者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //没有满，丢人产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费
        this.notify();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop() {
        //判断能否消费
        if(count == 0){
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //通知生产者生产
        this.notify();
        return chicken;
    }
}

信号灯法

//测试生产者消费者模式：信号灯法，标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者：演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音：记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者：观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品：节目
class TV{
    //表演
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        System.out.println("演员表演了："+voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了："+voice);
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

使用线程池

背景：经常创建和销毁、使用量特别大的资源，比如并发情况下的线程，对性能影响很大。
思路：提前创建好多个线程，放入线程池中，使用时直接获取，使用完放回池中，可以避免频繁创建销毁。实现重复利用。
好处：提高响应速度，降低资源消耗，便于线程管理。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建线程池
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //2.关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

总结

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class ThreadNew {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread(new Thread2()).start();
        FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new Thread3());
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        try {
            Integer i = futureTask.get();
            System.out.println(i);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


}

class Thread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread1");
    }
}

class Thread2 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread2");
    }
}

class Thread3 implements Callable<Integer>{

    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Thread3");
        return 100;
    }
}

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多线程学习

程序、线程和进程程序：程序是指令和数据的有序集合，其本身没有任何运行的含义，是一个静态的概念。进程：进程是程序的一次执行过程，它是一个动态的概念。是系统资源分配的单位。线程：一个进程中至少包含一个线程，否则没有存在的意义。线程是CPU执行和调度的单位。线程是独立的执行路径。程序运行时，即使没有自己创建线程，后台也有多个线程，比如主线程、gc线程。main()是主线程，系统的入口，用于执行整个程序。一个进程中，如果开辟了多个线程，线程的调度由CPU安排调度，CPU与操作系统紧密相关，人为不
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