字典dict基本概念
字典是另一种可变容器模型,且可存储任意类型对象。
字典的每个键值(key =>value)对用冒号(:)分割,每个对之间用逗号(,)分割,整个字典包括在花括号({})中
键必须是唯一的,但值则不必。
name = ['大头儿子' ,'小头爸爸' ,'隔壁老王' ]
age = [6 ,35 ,37 ]
dic = {'大头儿子' :6 , '小头爸爸' : 35 , '隔壁老王' :37 }
print(dic,type(dic))
dic = [{'name' :'Tom' , 'age' :18 },{'name' :'Jack' , 'age' :19 },{'name' :'Alex' , "age" :17 }]
print(dic)
dic = {'a' :1 ,'b' :2 ,'c' :3 }
dic = {'a' :1 ,'a' :2 }
print(dic)
dic = {'var1' :1 , 'var2' :'hello' , 'var3' :[1 ,2 ,3 ], 'var4' :{'a' :1 ,'b' :2 }}
print(dic)
dic['var5' ] = '添加一个值'
dic['var4' ] = '任意修改其中一个值'
del dic['var1' ]
print(dic)
dic.clear()
print(dic)
del dic
dic = {'a' :1 ,'b' :2 }
dic = dict(m = 10 ,n = 'aa' , h = [1 ,2 ,3 ])
print(dic)
lst1=[("a" ,"fff" ),("b" ,"ggg" )]
lst2=[["c" ,1 ],["d" ,2 ]]
lst3=(("e" ,[1 ,2 ]),("f" ,[3 ,4 ]))
dic1 = dict(lst1)
dic2 = dict(lst2)
dic3 = dict(lst3)
print(dic1,dic2,dic3)
keys = ["a" , "b" , "c" ]
dic1 = dict.fromkeys(keys)
dic2 = dict.fromkeys(keys, 'hello' )
print(dic1,dic2)
字典常用操作
字典内置函数&方法
dic1 = {"a" :1 , "b" :2 }
dic2 = {"c" :3 , "d" :4 }
dic1.update(dic2)
print(dic1,dic2)
a = {'m' :1 , 'n' :2 , 'p' :3 }
b = a
a.update({'q' :4 })
print(a,b)
a = {'m' :1 , 'n' :2 , 'p' :3 }
b = a.copy()
a.update({'q' :4 })
print(a,b)
print(len(a))
print('m' in a)
print(1 in a)
字典的元素访问及遍历
如何读取字典?
dic = {'a' :1 , "b" :2 , "c" :3 }
print (dic['a' ])
poi = {'name' :'shop' , 'city' :'shanghai' , 'information' :{'address' :'somewhere' , 'num' :66663333 }}
print (poi['information' ]['address' ])
print (poi.get('name' ))
print (poi.get('type' ,print ('nothing' )))
print (poi.keys (),type(poi.keys ()))
print (list(poi.keys ()))
print (poi.values (),type(poi.values ()))
print (list(poi.values ()))
print (poi.items(),type(poi.items()))
print (list(poi.items()))
poi = {'name' :'shop' , 'city' :'shanghai' , 'information' :{'address' :'somewhere' , 'num' :66663333 }}
for key in poi.keys():
print(key)
print('-------' )
for value in poi.values():
print(value)
print('-------' )
for (k,v) in poi.items():
print('key为 %s, value为 %s' %(k,v))
print('-------' )