Fragment基础(一)

##Fragment是什么##
Fragment是一种可以嵌入在活动当中的UI片段，它能让程序更加合理和充分地利用大屏幕空间，因而在平板上应用地非常广泛。和Activity比较相似，同样包含布局，同样有自己的生命周期。甚至可以将碎片理解成一个迷你型活动。

##最简单使用##
比如在一个activity嵌入两个fragment，像这样

一.创建left_fragment.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="button" />
</LinearLayout>

二.创建right_fragment.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#00ff00"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:text="this is right fragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

三.创建LeftFragment继承于Fragment

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.left_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

四.创建RightFragment继承于Fragment

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

五.在activity_main.xml引用

android:name:“包名.类名”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.yx.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.yx.fragmenttest.RightFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>

##动态添加碎片##

通过点击左边的按钮，把右边的fragment进行替换，如下，由绿色换成了黄色

一.创建another_right_fragment.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#ffff00"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:text="this is another right fragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

二.创建AnotherRightFragment

public class AnotherRightFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.another_right_fragment,container,false);
        return view;
    }
}

三.修改MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        replaceFragment(new RightFragment());
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                replaceFragment(new AnotherRightFragment());
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.right_layout,fragment);
        transaction.commit();
    }
}