(四) SpringBoot 进行对象复制--Orika

		SpringBoot 进行对象复制--Orika

业务开发需要对象复制

在这里插入图片描述如上,是我们平时开发中最常见的三层MVC架构模型,编辑操作时Controller层接收到前端传来的DTO对象,在Service层需要将DTO转换成DO,然后在数据库中保存。查询操作时Service层查询到DO对象后需要将DO对象转换成VO对象,然后通过Controller层返回给前端进行渲染。

这中间会涉及到大量的对象转换,很明显我们不能直接使用getter/setter复制对象属性,严重影响开发效率

对象复制工具类推荐

对象复制的类库工具有很多,除了常见的Apache的BeanUtils,Spring的BeanUtils,Cglib BeanCopier,还有重量级组件MapStruct,Orika,Dozer,ModelMapper等。

如果没有特殊要求,这些工具类都可以直接使用,除了Apache的BeanUtils。原因在于Apache BeanUtils底层源码为了追求完美,加了过多的包装,使用了很多反射,做了很多校验,所以导致性能较差,并在阿里巴巴开发手册上强制规定避免使用 Apache BeanUtils。

Orika基本使用

要使用Orika很简单,只需要简单四步:
引入依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>ma.glasnost.orika</groupId>
  <artifactId>orika-core</artifactId>
  <version>1.5.4</version>
</dependency>
  1. 构造一个MapperFactory
MapperFactory mapperFactory = new DefaultMapperFactory.Builder().build();  
  1. 注册字段映射
mapperFactory.classMap(SourceClass.class, TargetClass.class)  
   .field("firstName", "givenName")
   .field("lastName", "sirName")
   .byDefault()
   .register();

当字段名在两个实体不一致时可以通过.field()方法进行映射,如果字段名都一样则可省略,byDefault()方法用于注册名称相同的属性,如果不希望某个字段参与映射,可以使用exclude方法。

OrikaUtils

package com.jianzh5.blog.orika;

import ma.glasnost.orika.MapperFacade;
import ma.glasnost.orika.MapperFactory;
import ma.glasnost.orika.impl.DefaultMapperFactory;
import ma.glasnost.orika.metadata.ClassMapBuilder;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * Description:
 * Orika封装的工具类
 * @author babayang
 * @date 2022/6/25 14:01
 */
public class OrikaUtils {

    private static final MapperFactory FACTORY = new DefaultMapperFactory.Builder().build();

    /**
     * 缓存实例集合
     */
    private static final Map<String, MapperFacade> CACHE_MAPPER = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    private final MapperFacade mapper;

    public OrikaUtils(MapperFacade mapper) {
        this.mapper = mapper;
    }

    /**
     * 转换实体函数
     * @param sourceEntity 源实体
     * @param targetClass  目标类对象
     * @param refMap       配置源类与目标类不同字段名映射
     * @param <S>          源泛型
     * @param <T>          目标泛型
     * @return 目标实体
     */
    public static <S, T> T convert(S sourceEntity, Class<T> targetClass, Map<String, String> refMap) {
        if (sourceEntity == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return classMap(sourceEntity.getClass(), targetClass, refMap).map(sourceEntity, targetClass);
    }

    /**
     * 转换实体函数
     *
     * @param sourceEntity 源实体
     * @param targetClass  目标类对象
     * @param <S>          源泛型
     * @param <T>          目标泛型
     * @return 目标实体
     */
    public static <S, T> T convert(S sourceEntity, Class<T> targetClass) {
        return convert(sourceEntity, targetClass, null);
    }

    /**
     * 转换实体集合函数
     *
     * @param sourceEntityList 源实体集合
     * @param targetClass      目标类对象
     * @param refMap           配置源类与目标类不同字段名映射
     * @param <S>              源泛型
     * @param <T>              目标泛型
     * @return 目标实体集合
     */
    public static <S, T> List<T> convertList(List<S> sourceEntityList, Class<T> targetClass, Map<String, String> refMap) {
        if (sourceEntityList == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (sourceEntityList.size() == 0) {
            return new ArrayList<>(0);
        }
        return classMap(sourceEntityList.get(0).getClass(), targetClass, refMap).mapAsList(sourceEntityList, targetClass);
    }

    /**
     * 转换实体集合函数
     *
     * @param sourceEntityList 源实体集合
     * @param targetClass      目标类对象
     * @param <S>              源泛型
     * @param <T>              目标泛型
     * @return 目标实体集合
     */
    public static <S, T> List<T> convertList(List<S> sourceEntityList, Class<T> targetClass) {
        return convertList(sourceEntityList, targetClass, null);
    }



    /**
     * 注册属性
     * @param source 源类
     * @param target 目标类
     * @param refMap 属性转换
     */
    public static <V, P> void register(Class<V> source, Class<P> target,Map<String, String> refMap){
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(refMap)) {
            FACTORY.classMap(source, target).byDefault().register();
        } else {
            ClassMapBuilder<V, P> classMapBuilder = FACTORY.classMap(source, target);
            refMap.forEach(classMapBuilder::field);
            classMapBuilder.byDefault().register();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 属性名称一致可用
     * @param source 源数据
     * @param target 目标对象
     * @return OrikaUtils
     */
    private static <V, P> OrikaUtils classMap(Class<V> source, Class<P> target) {
        return classMap(source, target, null);
    }

    /**
     * 属性名称不一致可用
     *
     * @param source 原对象
     * @param target 目标对象
     * @return OrikaUtils
     */
    private static synchronized <V, P> OrikaUtils classMap(Class<V> source, Class<P> target, Map<String, String> refMap) {
        String key = source.getCanonicalName() + ":" + target.getCanonicalName();
        if (CACHE_MAPPER.containsKey(key)) {
            return new OrikaUtils(CACHE_MAPPER.get(key));
        }
        register(source,target,refMap);
        MapperFacade mapperFacade = FACTORY.getMapperFacade();
        CACHE_MAPPER.put(key, mapperFacade);

        return new OrikaUtils(mapperFacade);
    }



    /**
     * Orika复制对象
     * @param source 源数据
     * @param target 目标对象
     * @return target
     */
    private <V, P> P map(V source, Class<P> target) {
        return mapper.map(source, target);
    }

    /**
     * 复制List
     * @param source 源对象
     * @param target 目标对象
     * @return P
     */
    private <V, P> List<P> mapAsList(List<V> source, Class<P> target) {
        return CollectionUtils.isEmpty(source) ? Collections.emptyList() : mapper.mapAsList(source, target);
    }

}

分别对应:

  • 字段一致实体转换
  • 字段不一致实体转换(需要字段映射)
  • 字段一致集合转换字段不一致集合转换(需要字段映射)
  • 字段属性转换注册

Orika工具类使用文档

先准备两个基础实体类,Student,Teacher

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
}


@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String emailAddress;
}

TC1,基础实体映射

/**
 * 只拷贝相同的属性
 */
@Test
public void convertObject(){
  Student student = new Student("1","李四","laoying@163.com");
  Teacher teacher = OrikaUtils.convert(student, Teacher.class);
  System.out.println(teacher);
}

输出结果:

Teacher(id=1, name=李四, emailAddress=null)

此时由于属性名不一致,无法映射字段email。

TC2,实体映射 - 字段转换

/**
 * 拷贝不同属性
 */
@Test
public void convertRefObject(){
  Student student = new Student("1","张三","babayang@163.com");

  Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(1);
  //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
  refMap.put("email","emailAddress");
  Teacher teacher = OrikaUtils.convert(student, Teacher.class, refMap);
  System.out.println(teacher);
}

输出结果:

Teacher(id=1, name=张三, emailAddress=babayang@163.com)

此时由于对字段做了映射,可以将email映射到emailAddress。注意这里的refMap中key放置的是源实体的属性,而value放置的是目标实体的属性,不要弄反了。

TC3,基础集合映射

/**
  * 只拷贝相同的属性集合
  */
@Test
public void convertList(){
  Student student1 = new Student("1","张三","babayang@163.com");
  Student student2 = new Student("2","李四","laoying@xxx.com");
  List<Student> studentList = Lists.newArrayList(student1,student2);

  List<Teacher> teacherList = OrikaUtils.convertList(studentList, Teacher.class);

  System.out.println(teacherList);
}

输出结果:

[Teacher(id=1, name=张三, emailAddress=null), Teacher(id=2, name=李四, emailAddress=null)]

此时由于属性名不一致,集合中无法映射字段email。

TC4,集合映射 - 字段映射

/**
 * 映射不同属性的集合
 */
@Test
public void convertRefList(){
  Student student1 = new Student("1","张三","babayang@163.com");
  Student student2 = new Student("2","李四","laoying@xxx.com");
  List<Student> studentList = Lists.newArrayList(student1,student2);

  Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(2);
  //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
  refMap.put("email","emailAddress");

  List<Teacher> teacherList = OrikaUtils.convertList(studentList, Teacher.class,refMap);

  System.out.println(teacherList);
}

输出结果:
[Teacher(id=1, name=张三, emailAddress=babayang@163.com), Teacher(id=2, name=李四, emailAddress=laoying@xxx.com)]

也可以通过这样映射:

Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(2);
refMap.put("email","emailAddress");
List<Teacher> teacherList = OrikaUtils.classMap(Student.class,Teacher.class,refMap)
        .mapAsList(studentList,Teacher.class);

TC5,集合与实体映射

有时候我们需要将集合数据映射到实体中,如Person类

@Data
public class Person {
    private List<String> nameParts;
}

现在需要将Person类nameParts的值映射到Student中,可以这样做

/**
 * 数组和List的映射
 */
@Test
public void convertListObject(){
   Person person = new Person();
   person.setNameParts(Lists.newArrayList("1","美丽","meili@163.com"));

    Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(2);
    //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
    refMap.put("nameParts[0]","id");
    refMap.put("nameParts[1]","name");
    refMap.put("nameParts[2]","email");

    Student student = OrikaUtils.convert(person, Student.class,refMap);
    System.out.println(student);
}

输出结果:

Student(id=1, name=美丽, email=meili@163.com)

TC6,类类型映射
有时候我们需要类类型对象映射,如BasicPerson类

@Data
public class BasicPerson {
    private Student student;
}

现在需要将BasicPerson映射到Teacher

/**
 * 类类型映射
 */
@Test
public void convertClassObject(){
    BasicPerson basicPerson = new BasicPerson();
    Student student = new Student("1","艾伦","ailun@163.com");
    basicPerson.setStudent(student);

    Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(2);
    //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
    refMap.put("student.id","id");
    refMap.put("student.name","name");
    refMap.put("student.email","emailAddress");

    Teacher teacher = OrikaUtils.convert(basicPerson, Teacher.class,refMap);
    System.out.println(teacher);
}

输出结果:

Teacher(id=1, name=艾伦, emailAddress=ailun@163.com)

TC7,多重映射

有时候我们会遇到多重映射,如将StudentGrade映射到TeacherGrade

@Data
public class StudentGrade {
    private String studentGradeName;
    private List<Student> studentList;
}

@Data
public class TeacherGrade {
    private String teacherGradeName;
    private List<Teacher> teacherList;
}

这种场景稍微复杂,Student与Teacher的属性有email字段不相同,需要做转换映射;StudentGrade与TeacherGrade中的属性也需要映射。

/**
 * 一对多映射
 */
@Test
public void convertComplexObject(){
  Student student1 = new Student("1","zhangsan","babayang@163.com");
  Student student2 = new Student("2","lisi","laoying@xxx.com");
  List<Student> studentList = Lists.newArrayList(student1,student2);

  StudentGrade studentGrade = new StudentGrade();
  studentGrade.setStudentGradeName("硕士");
  studentGrade.setStudentList(studentList);

  Map<String,String> refMap1 = new HashMap<>(1);
  //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
  refMap1.put("email","emailAddress");
  OrikaUtils.register(Student.class,Teacher.class,refMap1);


  Map<String,String> refMap2 = new HashMap<>(2);
  //map key 放置 源属性,value 放置 目标属性
  refMap2.put("studentGradeName", "teacherGradeName");
  refMap2.put("studentList", "teacherList");


  TeacherGrade teacherGrade = OrikaUtils.convert(studentGrade,TeacherGrade.class,refMap2);
  System.out.println(teacherGrade);
}

多重映射的场景需要根据情况调用OrikaUtils.register()注册字段映射。

输出结果:

TeacherGrade(teacherGradeName=硕士, teacherList=[Teacher(id=1, name=zhangsan, emailAddress=babayang@163.com), Teacher(id=2, name=lisi, emailAddress=laoying@xxx.com)])

TC8,MyBaits plus分页映射

如果你使用的是mybatis的分页组件,可以这样转换

public IPage<UserDTO> selectPage(UserDTO userDTO, Integer pageNo, Integer pageSize) {
  Page page = new Page<>(pageNo, pageSize);
  LambdaQueryWrapper<User> query = new LambdaQueryWrapper();
  if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(userDTO.getName())) {
    query.like(User::getKindName,userDTO.getName());
  }
  IPage<User> pageList = page(page,query);
  // 实体转换 SysKind转化为SysKindDto
  Map<String,String> refMap = new HashMap<>(3);
  refMap.put("kindName","name");
  refMap.put("createBy","createUserName");
  refMap.put("createTime","createDate");
  return pageList.convert(item -> OrikaUtils.convert(item, UserDTO.class, refMap));
}

参考文章: http://orika-mapper.github.io/orika-docs/index.html
参考文章: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/410630612
参考文章: https://github.com/jianzh5/cloud-blog

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