mysql 主从备份

1，环境：2台linux虚拟机（centos7）（ip:192.168.2.105      ip:192.168.2.107）,mysql5.6 （自行安装）

2，步骤

   2.1,选择192.168.2.105机器做master，192.168.2.107做slave,在两台机器上都开启log-bin

[root@liubity-fbs-db /]# vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8


#开启二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=3

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

建议master机器设置 server-id=1，slave机器设置server-id=3 （数字不要重复就可以）

2.2 重启mysql服务  

[root@liubity-fbs-provider ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

2.3 在master机器上面添加一个slave能访问master 上的mysql 账号

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'yourname'@'%' identified by “yourpassword”;
mysql> flush privileges;

（方便起见，权限给了所有，host给了所有，请按需修改）

2.4 在master上查看 log-bin文件名已经position

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

记住这个文件名和position,下一步要用到

2.5，在slave机器上面 登录mysql ,绑定master

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.2.105',master_user='yourname',master_password='yourpassword',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=154;

2.6,在slave上开启 slave

mysql> start slave;

2.7,查看是否成功开启

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.2.107
                  Master_User: test
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 488
               Relay_Log_File: liubity-fbs-provider-relay-bin.000006
                Relay_Log_Pos: 685
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 488
              Relay_Log_Space: 1344
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 7551fed6-8bfa-11e8-ae4c-000c29a51165
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

注意，当

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

都为YES才表示成功！如果有错误，会在上面有提示，请根据提示进行修改

 

3， 测试：

在master上的mysql 进行操作，slave上的mysql都会进行相应的跟新

4，小知识

1，master上要忽略某个数据库或多个数据库

在my.ini 中配置 binlog_ignore_db=test （多个请重复）

2，master指定要主从的数据库

在my.ini 中配置 binlog_do_db=test （多个请重复）