JS - 函数 - 变量作用域

1.变量的作用域

var name = "张";          //全局变量
function test() {
    var age = 19;         //局部变量
    console.log(age);     //局部变量，输出结果 19
    console.log(name);    //通过作用域链找到全局变量
}
test();
console.log(age);             //局部变量在函数外部不可访问
console.log(name);            //全局变量，输出结果 张

 if语句中的变量是全局变量

var num = 5;
if (num > 3) {
    var sum = 7;
}
console.log(sum);               //输出结果 7

for语句中的变量是全局变量

for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    console.log(i);            //输出1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
}
console.log(i);                //仅仅输出for语句的最后的执行结果 10

全局变量的执行顺序

var name = "小明";        //全局变量
function f() {
    name = "小红";        //全局变量
}
f();
console.log(name);            //输出结果 小红

题目1

var color = "yellow";
function  getColor() {
    var anotherColor = "red";
    function swapColor() {
        var tmpColor = color;
        color = anotherColor;
        anotherColor = tmpColor;
    }
    swapColor();
}
getColor();
console.log(color);            //输出结果 red

题目2

var num = 10;
fun();
function fun() {
    var num;  //声明提前，赋值不提前
    console.log(num);            //输出结果 undefined
    var num = 12;
}

题目3

var a = 18;
fun();
function fun() {
    var b = 9;
    console.log(a);            //输出结果 undefined
    console.log(b);            //输出结果 9
    var a = '123';
}

题目4

f1();
console.log(c);        //9
console.log(b);        //9
console.log(a);        //undefined
function f1() {
    var a = b = c = 9;   //相当于 var a = 9; b= 9; c = 9;
    console.log(a);    //9
    console.log(b);    //9
    console.log(c);    //9
}