变量值的共享可以使用public static变量的形式,所有的线程都使用同一个public static 变量。如果想实现每一个线程都有自己的共享变量该如何解决呢?JDK中提供的类ThreadLocal正是为了解决这样的问题。
类ThreadLocal主要解决的就是每个线程绑定自己的值,可以将ThreadLocal类比喻成全局存放数据的盒子,盒子中可以存储每个线程的私有数据。
1. ThreadLocal 的 get()方法 和 set() 方法
public class ThreadF1 {
public static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal();
@Test
public void test1() {
if (threadLocal.get() == null) {
System.out.println("从未放过值");
threadLocal.set("我的值");
}
System.out.println(threadLocal.get());
System.out.println(threadLocal.get());
}
}
执行结果:
从未放过值
我的值
我的值
结果分析:
从运行结果可以看出,第一次调用 threadLocal 对象的 get() 方法时返回的值是 null,
通过调用 set()方法赋值后顺利取出至并打印到控制台上。类 ThreadLocal 解决的是变量在不
同线程间的隔离性,也就是不同线程拥有自己的值,不同线程中的值是可以放入 ThreadLocal 类
中进行保存的。
2. 验证线程变量的隔离性
public class ThreadF1 {
@Test
public void test2() {
ThreadF1A threadF1A = new ThreadF1A();
threadF1A.start();
ThreadF1B threadF1B = new ThreadF1B();
threadF1B.start();
try {
for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
Values.threadLocal.set("Main_" + i);
System.out.println("Main get Value=" + Values.threadLocal.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Values {
public static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal();
}
class ThreadF1A extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
Values.threadLocal.set("ThreadF1A_" + i);
System.out.println("ThreadF1A get Value=" + Values.threadLocal.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class ThreadF1B extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
Values.threadLocal.set("ThreadF1B_" + i);
System.out.println("ThreadF1B get Value=" + Values.threadLocal.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
执行结果:
从运行结果可以看出,虽然 Main、ThreadF1A、ThreadF1B
三个线程都向 t1 对象中 set() 数据值,但每个线程还是能取出自
己的数据。
3. 解决get() 返回 null 问题,设定 ThreadLocal 默认值
public class ThreadF2 {
private static ThreadLocalExt threadLocalExt = new ThreadLocalExt();
@Test
public void test1() {
if (threadLocalExt.get() == null) {
System.out.println("ThreadLocal没有值");
threadLocalExt.set("我的值");
}
System.out.println(threadLocalExt.get());
}
}
class ThreadLocalExt extends ThreadLocal {
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return "我是默认值,第一次get不再为null";
}
}
执行结果:
我是默认值,第一次get不再为null
4. 值继承
使用 InheritableThreadLocal 类可以让子线程从父线程中取得值
public class ThreadF4 {
@Test
public void test() {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("[" + currentThreadName + "] init value:[" + ValTools.threadLocalExt.get() + "]");
System.out.println("[" + currentThreadName + "] set value:[" + currentThreadName + "]");
ValTools.threadLocalExt.set(currentThreadName);
ThreadF4A threadF4A = new ThreadF4A();
threadF4A.setName("ThreadF4A");
threadF4A.start();
while (Thread.activeCount() > 0) {}
}
}
class InheritableThreadLocalExt extends InheritableThreadLocal {
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return "我是可继承的ThreadLocal,可以让子线程从父线程中取得到值";
}
}
class ValTools {
public static InheritableThreadLocalExt threadLocalExt = new InheritableThreadLocalExt();
}
class ThreadF4A extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("[" + threadName + "] value:[" + ValTools.threadLocalExt.get() + "]");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
执行结果:
[main] init value:[我是可继承的ThreadLocal,可以让子线程从父线程中取得到值]
[main] set value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
结果分析:
从执行结果分析 ThreadF4A 线程取得到父线程设定的 ThreadLocal的值 “main”。
5. 值继承再修改
值得注意的是,当使用 InheritableThreadLocal 类需要注意一点的是,如果子线程在取得值的同时,主线程将 InheritableThreadLocal 中的值进行更改,那么子线程取到的值还是旧值。
public class ThreadF4 {
@Test
public void test1() {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("[" + currentThreadName + "] init value:[" + ValTools.threadLocalExt.get() + "]");
System.out.println("[" + currentThreadName + "] set value:[" + currentThreadName + "]");
ValTools.threadLocalExt.set(currentThreadName);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
ThreadF4A threadF4A = new ThreadF4A();
threadF4A.setName("ThreadF4A");
threadF4A.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("[" + currentThreadName + "] value:[Main_Go]");
ValTools.threadLocalExt.set("Main_Go");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (Thread.activeCount() > 1) {}
}
}
class InheritableThreadLocalExt extends InheritableThreadLocal {
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return "我是可继承的ThreadLocal,可以让子线程从父线程中取得到值";
}
}
class ValTools {
public static InheritableThreadLocalExt threadLocalExt = new InheritableThreadLocalExt();
}
class ThreadF4A extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("[" + threadName + "] value:[" + ValTools.threadLocalExt.get() + "]");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
执行结果:
[main] init value:[我是可继承的ThreadLocal,可以让子线程从父线程中取得到值]
[main] set value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[main] value:[Main_Go]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
[ThreadF4A] value:[main]
结果分析:
从执行结果可以看出,ThreadF4A线程 在继承了 Main线程 的ThreadLocal的值后,Main线程对 InheritableThreadLocal 的值发生了改变后,ThreadF4A 线程取到的值还是原来的旧值。