Spring @Resource

This annotation has the following execution paths, listed by precedence:
1、Match by Name
2、Match by Type
3、Match by Qualifier

These execution paths are applicable to both setter and field injection.

---

Field Injection

We can resolve dependencies by field injection by annotating an instance variable with the @Resource annotation.

Match by Name

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType.class)
public class FieldResourceInjectionIntegrationTest {

    @Resource(name="namedFile")
    private File defaultFile;

    @Test
    public void givenResourceAnnotation_WhenOnField_ThenDependencyValid(){
        assertNotNull(defaultFile);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", defaultFile.getName());
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType {

    @Bean(name="namedFile")
    public File namedFile() {
        File namedFile = new File("namedFile.txt");
        return namedFile;
    }
}

If we fail to define the bean in the application context, it will result in an NoSuchBeanDefinitionException being thrown.

Match by Type

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType.class)
public class FieldResourceInjectionIntegrationTest {

	@Resource
	private File defaultFile;

    @Test
    public void givenResourceAnnotation_WhenOnField_ThenDependencyValid(){
        assertNotNull(defaultFile);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", defaultFile.getName());
    }
}

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType {
    @Bean(name="namedFile")
    public File namedFile() {
        File namedFile = new File("namedFile.txt");
        return namedFile;
    }
}

Match by Qualifier

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextTestResourceQualifier {

    @Bean(name="defaultFile")
    public File defaultFile() {
        File defaultFile = new File("defaultFile.txt");
        return defaultFile;
    }

    @Bean(name="namedFile")
    public File namedFile() {
        File namedFile = new File("namedFile.txt");
        return namedFile;
    }
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceQualifier.class)
public class QualifierResourceInjectionIntegrationTest {

# NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException 
# because the application context will find two bean definitions of type File, and won’t know which bean should resolve the dependency.
    @Resource
    private File dependency1;
    @Resource
    private File dependency2;

# To resolve this issue, 
    @Resource
    @Qualifier("defaultFile")
    private File dependency1;
    @Resource
    @Qualifier("namedFile")
    private File dependency2;
    
    @Test
    public void givenResourceAnnotation_WhenField_ThenDependency1Valid(){
        assertNotNull(dependency1);
        assertEquals("defaultFile.txt", dependency1.getName());
    }
    @Test
    public void givenResourceQualifier_WhenField_ThenDependency2Valid(){
        assertNotNull(dependency2);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", dependency2.getName());
    }
}

---

Setter Injection

Match by Name

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType.class)
public class MethodResourceInjectionIntegrationTest {

    private File defaultFile;

    @Resource(name="namedFile")
    protected void setDefaultFile(File defaultFile) {
        this.defaultFile = defaultFile;
    }

    @Test
    public void givenResourceAnnotation_WhenSetter_ThenDependencyValid(){
        assertNotNull(defaultFile);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", defaultFile.getName());
    }
}

如果没有name匹配的Bean ☞ NoSuchBeanDefinitionException will be thrown.

Match by Type

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceNameType.class)
public class MethodByTypeResourceIntegrationTest {

    private File defaultFile;

    @Resource
    protected void setDefaultFile(File defaultFile) {
        this.defaultFile = defaultFile;
    }

    @Test
    public void givenResourceAnnotation_WhenSetter_ThenValidDependency(){
        assertNotNull(defaultFile);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", defaultFile.getName());
    }
}

如果没有type匹配的Bean ☞ NoSuchBeanDefinitionException will be thrown.

---

Match by Qualifier

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration( loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, classes=ApplicationContextTestResourceQualifier.class)
public class MethodByQualifierResourceIntegrationTest {

    private File arbDependency;
    private File anotherArbDependency;

    @Test
    public void givenResourceQualifier_WhenSetter_ThenValidDependencies(){
      	assertNotNull(arbDependency);
        assertEquals("namedFile.txt", arbDependency.getName());
        assertNotNull(anotherArbDependency);
        assertEquals("defaultFile.txt", anotherArbDependency.getName());
    }

    @Resource
    @Qualifier("namedFile")
    public void setArbDependency(File arbDependency) {
        this.arbDependency = arbDependency;
    }

    @Resource
    @Qualifier("defaultFile")
    public void setAnotherArbDependency(File anotherArbDependency) {
        this.anotherArbDependency = anotherArbDependency;
    }
}

如果没有@Qualifier指定名字 ☞NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException will be thrown.
如果没有name匹配的Bean ☞ NoSuchBeanDefinitionException will be thrown.

参考：Wiring in Spring: @Autowired, @Resource and @Inject