Map接口实现类Hashtable源码及详解

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-07 20:10:23 发布

jianning-wu

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-07 20:10:23 发布

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分类专栏： Java 容器文章标签： Hashtable Hashtable遍历 Hashtable删除 Hashtable源码经典讲解 List和ArrayList Vector和HashTable HashMap

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37730482/article/details/71191231

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一.Hashtable简介

继承图：

说明：Hashtable是Map接口的实现类，继承于Dictionary。Hashtable中的所有方法都是synchronized的，所以Hashtable是线程安全的。所以并发情况下使用Hashtable。Hashtable的Key和Value值都不可以为null值。

二.常用方法

1.put(K key, V value)：以键值对的形式向Hashtable中添加元素

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");

2.putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t)：将一个Hashtable全部添加到另一个Hashtable

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");

Hashtable<String,String> allhashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
allhashtable.putAll(hashtable);

3.size()：获取集合长度

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
int num=hashtable.size();

4.isEmpty()：集合是否为空

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
boolean b=hashtable.isEmpty();

5.get(Object key)：根据键获取对应的值

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
String value=hashtable.get("1");

6.containsKey(Object key)：集合中是否包含key

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
boolean b=hashtable.containsKey("1");
boolean c=hashtable.containsKey("222");
Log.d("TAG","b----:"+b);
Log.d("TAG","c----:"+c);

b----:true

c----:false

7.containsValue(Object value)：集合中是否包含value

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
boolean b=hashtable.containsValue("张三");
boolean c=hashtable.containsValue("222");
Log.d("TAG","b----:"+b);
Log.d("TAG","c----:"+c);

b----:true

c----:false

8.contains(Object value)：集合中是否包含value 其实等同于containsValue(Object value)方法

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
boolean a=hashtable.contains("张三");
boolean b=hashtable.contains("3");
boolean c=hashtable.contains("222");
Log.d("TAG","a----:"+a);
Log.d("TAG","b----:"+b);
Log.d("TAG","c----:"+c);

a----:true

b----:false

c----:false

9.remove(Object key)：删除集合中key对应的value

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
int num1=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num1----:"+num1);
hashtable.remove("2");
int num2=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num2----:"+num2);

num1----:4

num2----:3

10.remove(Object key, Object value)：删除集合中 key-value的元素(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N api=24)

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
int num1=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num1----:"+num1);
hashtable.remove("2","李四");
int num2=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num2----:"+num2);

num1----:4

num2----:3

如果：

hashtable.remove("2","李四22222");

结果：

num1----:4

num2----:4

即没有删除因为不存在key=2 value=李四22222

11.clear()：清空集合元素

Hashtable<String,String> hashtable=new Hashtable<String, String>();
hashtable.put("1","张三");
hashtable.put("2","李四");
hashtable.put("3","王五");
hashtable.put("4","赵六");
int num1=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num1----:"+num1);
hashtable.clear();
int num2=hashtable.size();
Log.d("TAG","num2----:"+num2);

num1----:4

num2----:0

12.keySet()：遍历集合获取key 然后通过获取的key获得相应的value

package com.example.test;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initArrayList();
    }

    public void initArrayList() {

        Hashtable<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<String, String>();
        hashtable.put("1", "张三");
        hashtable.put("2", "李四");
        hashtable.put("3", "王五");
        hashtable.put("4", "赵六");

        Set<String> set = hashtable.keySet();
        Iterator<String> iterator = set.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            String key = iterator.next();
            String value = hashtable.get(key);
            Log.i("TAG", "key----:" + key + "----value----:" + value);
        }

    }

}

I/TAG: key----:4----value----:赵六

I/TAG: key----:3----value----:王五

I/TAG: key----:2----value----:李四

I/TAG: key----:1----value----:张三

13.values()：遍历集合获取value

package com.example.test;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initArrayList();
    }

    public void initArrayList() {

        Hashtable<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<String, String>();
        hashtable.put("1", "张三");
        hashtable.put("2", "李四");
        hashtable.put("3", "王五");
        hashtable.put("4", "赵六");

        Collection<String> collection = hashtable.values();
        Iterator<String> iterator = collection.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            String value = iterator.next();
            Log.i("TAG", "value----:" + value);
        }

    }

}

I/TAG: value----:赵六

I/TAG: value----:王五

I/TAG: value----:李四

I/TAG: value----:张三

14.entrySet()：遍历集合直接获取key value

package com.example.test;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initArrayList();
    }

    public void initArrayList() {

        Hashtable<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<String, String>();
        hashtable.put("1", "张三");
        hashtable.put("2", "李四");
        hashtable.put("3", "王五");
        hashtable.put("4", "赵六");

        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = hashtable.entrySet();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> map = iterator.next();
            String key = map.getKey();
            String value = map.getValue();
            Log.i("TAG", "key----" + key + "----value----:" + value);
        }

    }

}

I/TAG: key----4----value----:赵六

I/TAG: key----3----value----:王五

I/TAG: key----2----value----:李四

I/TAG: key----1----value----:张三

由上可知Hashtable遍历的结果和插入顺序不一致，即Hashtable不保证元素的顺序。

15.replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue)：替换集合指定元素(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)

package com.example.test;

import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initArrayList();
    }

    public void initArrayList() {

        Hashtable<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<String, String>();
        hashtable.put("1", "张三");
        hashtable.put("2", "李四");
        hashtable.put("3", "王五");
        hashtable.put("4", "赵六");

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            hashtable.replace("3", "王五", "wangwu");
        }

        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = hashtable.entrySet();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> map = iterator.next();
            String key = map.getKey();
            String value = map.getValue();
            Log.i("TAG", "key----" + key + "----value----:" + value);
        }

    }

}

I/TAG: key----4----value----:赵六

I/TAG: key----3----value----:wangwu

I/TAG: key----2----value----:李四

I/TAG: key----1----value----:张三

16.replace(K key, V value)：替换集合指定元素(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)

package com.example.test;

import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initArrayList();
    }

    public void initArrayList() {

        Hashtable<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<String, String>();
        hashtable.put("1", "张三");
        hashtable.put("2", "李四");
        hashtable.put("3", "王五");
        hashtable.put("4", "赵六");

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            hashtable.replace("4", "zhaoliu");
        }

        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = hashtable.entrySet();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> map = iterator.next();
            String key = map.getKey();
            String value = map.getValue();
            Log.i("TAG", "key----" + key + "----value----:" + value);
        }

    }

}

I/TAG: key----4----value----:zhaoliu

I/TAG: key----3----value----:王五

I/TAG: key----2----value----:李四

I/TAG: key----1----value----:张三

如果

hashtable.replace("33333","王五","wangwu");
hashtable.replace("44444","zhaoliu");

即key是不存在的

结果：

I/TAG: key----4----value----:赵六

I/TAG: key----3----value----:王五

I/TAG: key----2----value----:李四

I/TAG: key----1----value----:张三

即此时没有修改。

三.线程安全

Hashtable是怎样做到线程安全的呢？源码可知，Hashtable是通过方法加同步的方式完成的线程安全。比如

1.获取集合大小

/**
 * Returns the number of keys in this hashtable.
 *
 * @return  the number of keys in this hashtable.
 */
public synchronized int size() {
    return count;
}

2.判断集合是否为空

/**
 * Tests if this hashtable maps no keys to values.
 *
 * @return  <code>true</code> if this hashtable maps no keys to values;
 *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
 */
public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
    return count == 0;
}

3.获取Key的集合

/**
 * Returns an enumeration of the keys in this hashtable.
 *
 * @return  an enumeration of the keys in this hashtable.
 * @see     Enumeration
 * @see     #elements()
 * @see     #keySet()
 * @see     Map
 */
public synchronized Enumeration<K> keys() {
    return this.<K>getEnumeration(KEYS);
}

等等...

也就是Hashtable是暴力的通过每个方法中都加入同步完成的线程安全。这样是非常浪费资源的。

jianning-wu

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Map接口实现类Hashtable源码及详解

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