该章主要讲述了函数的用法:如何定义一个函数,函数的参数(形参和实参的区别),函数的返回值等内容。
11-1 城市和国家
题目描述:
编写一个函数,它接受两个形参:一个城市名和一个国家名。这个函数返回一个格式为City, Country 的字符串,如Santiago, Chile 。将这个函数存储在一个名为city_functions.py的模块中。创建一个名为test_cities.py的程序,对刚编写的函数进行测试(别忘了,你需要导入模块unittest 以及要测试的函数)。编写一个名为test_city_country() 的方法,核实使用类似于'santiago' 和'chile' 这样的值来调用前述函数时,得到的字符串是正确的。运行test_cities.py ,确认测试test_city_country() 通过了。
INPUT:
None
OUTPUT:
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_first_last_name (__main__.NamesTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/study/Programming/Code Python/home.py", line 11, in test_first_last_name
self.assertEqual(countryname, 'Santiago,chile')
AssertionError: 'Santiago,Chile' != 'Santiago,chile'
- Santiago,Chile
? ^
+ Santiago,chile
?
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
OK
代码展示:
import unittest
def get_country_name(city, country):
return city.title() + ',' + country.title()
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_first_last_name (self):
countryname = get_country_name('santiago', 'chile')
self.assertEqual(countryname, 'Santiago,chile')
unittest.main()
import unittest
def get_country_name(city, country):
return city.title() + ',' + country.title()
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_first_last_name (self):
countryname = get_country_name('santiago', 'chile')
self.assertEqual(countryname, 'Santiago,Chile')
unittest.main()
11-2 人口数量
题目描述:
修改前面的函数,使其包含第三个必不可少的形参population ,并返回一个格式为City, Country - population xxx 的字符串,如Santiago, Chile - population 5000000 。运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country() 未通过。
修改上述函数,将形参population 设置为可选的。再次运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country() 又通过了。再编写一个名为test_city_country_population() 的测试,核实可以使用类似于'santiago' 、'chile' 和'population=5000000' 这样的值来调用这个函数。再次运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country_population() 通过了。
INPUT:
None
OUTPUT:
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_city (__main__.NamesTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/study/Programming/Code Python/home.py", line 11, in test_city
self.assertEqual(city_info, 'Santiago,Chile-population 1000')
AssertionError: 'Santiago,Chile' != 'Santiago,Chile-population 1000'
- Santiago,Chile
+ Santiago,Chile-population 1000
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=1)
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
代码展示:
import unittest
def get_country_name(city, country, population):
return city.title() + ',' + country.title()
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_city(self):
city_info = get_country_name('santiago', 'chile', 1000)
self.assertEqual(city_info, 'Santiago,Chile-population 1000')
unittest.main()
import unittest
def get_country_name(city, country, population=""):
city_info = city.title() + ',' + country.title()
if population != "":
city_info += "-population " + population
return city_info
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_first_city(self):
city_info = get_country_name('santiago', 'chile')
self.assertEqual(city_info, 'Santiago,Chile')
def test_second_city(self):
city_info = get_country_name('santiago', 'chile', '100000')
self.assertEqual(city_info, 'Santiago,Chile-population 100000')
unittest.main()
11-3 雇员
题目描述:
编写一个名为Employee 的类,其方法__init__() 接受名、姓和年薪,并将它们都存储在属性中。编写一个名为give_raise() 的方法,它默认将年薪增加5000美元,但也能够接受其他的年薪增加量。
为Employee 编写一个测试用例,其中包含两个测试方法:test_give_default_raise() 和test_give_custom_raise() 。使用方法setUp() ,以免在每个测试方法中都创建新的雇员实例。运行这个测试用例,确认两个测试都通过了。
INPUT:
None
OUTPUT:
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
代码展示:
import unittest
class Employee():
def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, salary):
self.first_name = first_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.salary = salary
def give_raise(self, num=5000):
self.salary += num
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.employee = Employee('peter', 'chen', 10000)
def test_give_default_raise(self):
self.employee.give_raise()
self.assertEqual(self.employee.salary, 15000)
def test_give_custom_raise(self):
self.employee.give_raise(10000)
self.assertEqual(self.employee.salary, 20000)
unittest.main()