19-1 策略模式讲解
19-2 策略模式coding
我们来引入一个业务场景:就比如网站里面在618和双十一的时候,会有各种促销,而促销就是课程的一个行为,是一个促销行为,但是这种促销行为有多种实现,网站里面的课程促销;
有一个促销策略接口:
public interface PromotionStrategy {
void doPromotion();
}
有一个立减促销类实现促销策略接口:
public class LiJianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy{
@Override
public void doPromotion() {
System.out.println("立减促销,课程的价格直接减去配置的价格");
}
}
满减促销类实现促销策略接口:
public class ManJianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy{
@Override
public void doPromotion() {
System.out.println("满减促销,满200减20元");
}
}
还有一个反现促销类实现促销策略接口:
public class FanXianPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy{
@Override
public void doPromotion() {
System.out.println("反现促销,返回的金额存放到网站用户的余额中");
}
}
还有一个实现促销类,去执行促销策略:
public class PromotionActivity {
private PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy;
public PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy) {
this.promotionStrategy = promotionStrategy;
}
public void executePromotionStrategy() {
promotionStrategy.doPromotion();
}
}
现在的类图为:
我们来写一个测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[]args){
/** 在618的时候,我们使用立减的策略 */
PromotionActivity promotionActivity618 = new PromotionActivity(new LiJianPromotionStrategy());
/** 在618的时候,我们使用反现的策略 */
PromotionActivity promotionActivity1111 = new PromotionActivity(new FanXianPromotionStrategy());
promotionActivity618.executePromotionStrategy();
promotionActivity1111.executePromotionStrategy();
}
}
执行结果为:
立减促销,课程的价格直接减去配置的价格
反现促销,返回的金额存放到网站用户的余额中
当我们修改业务的时候,我们就只需要新增一个策略就可以了;
我们再来演进一下:
我们可以这样来做:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[]args){
PromotionActivity promotionActivity = null;
/** 我们来创建一个promotionKey */
String promotionKey = "LIJIAN";
if (StringUtils.equals(promotionKey, "LIJIAN")) {
promotionActivity = new PromotionActivity(new LiJianPromotionStrategy());
} else if (StringUtils.equals(promotionKey, "FANXIAN")) {
promotionActivity = new PromotionActivity(new FanXianPromotionStrategy());
}//......
promotionActivity.executePromotionStrategy();
}
}
这个时候,promotionKey 为“LIJIAN”,命中了立减的促销策略;
我们还可以把策略模式和工厂模式结合到一起再来演进一下:
为了避免空指针异常,我们没有促销活动的时候,我们可以还写一个空的促销策略:
public class EmptyPromotionStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
@Override
public void doPromotion() {
System.out.println("无促销");
}
}
这个就是一个促销策略工厂的实现
public class PromotionStrategyFactory {
private static Map<String, PromotionStrategy> PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP = new HashMap<>();
static {
PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.LIJIAN, new LiJianPromotionStrategy());
PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.FANXIAN, new FanXianPromotionStrategy());
PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.MANJIAN, new ManJianPromotionStrategy());
}
private static final PromotionStrategy NON_PROMOTION = new EmptyPromotionStrategy();
private PromotionStrategyFactory() {
}
public static PromotionStrategy getPromotionStrategy(String promotionKey) {
PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy = PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.get(promotionKey);
return promotionStrategy == null ? NON_PROMOTION : promotionStrategy;
}
private interface PromotionKey{
String LIJIAN = "LIJIAN";
String FANXIAN = "FANXIAN";
String MANJIAN = "MANJIAN";
}
}
现在,我们再来测试一下:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[]args){
/** 我们来创建一个promotionKey */
String promotionKey = "LIJIAN";
PromotionActivity promotionActivity = new PromotionActivity(PromotionStrategyFactory.getPromotionStrategy(promotionKey));
promotionActivity.executePromotionStrategy();
}
}
测试结果如下:
立减促销,课程的价格直接减去配置的价格
策略模式一般都是不会单独的去使用的,一般会结合单例、结合工厂方法模式或者是结合享元模式去使用;