part划分大磁盘

创建操作大于2T的分区
一般情况下，我们都是选择使用fdisk工具来进行分区，但是目前在实际生产环境中使用的磁盘空间越来越大，呈TiB级别增长；而常用的fdisk这个工具对分区是有大小限制的，它只能划分小于2T的磁盘，所以在划大于2T磁盘分区的时候fdisk就无法满足要求了；这个时候有2个方法，其一是通过卷管理来实现，其二就是通过parted工具来实现对GPT磁盘进行分区操作；这里我们采用parted的方法来实现管理。

下列展示对40T的磁盘进行分区的过程：

[root@test100 ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/sda: 1199.0 GB, 1198999470080 bytes, 2341795840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 9BD5C445-8D38-4490-8A9E-B15E9FBB8BC8


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048       411647    200M  EFI System      EFI System Partition
 2       411648      2508799      1G  Microsoft basic 
 3      2508800   2341793791    1.1T  Linux LVM       

Disk /dev/sdb: 44000.0 GB, 43999996936192 bytes, 85937494016 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 1048576 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 1139.7 GB, 1139730808832 bytes, 2226036736 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes

[root@test100 ~]# part
parted     partprobe  partx      
[root@test100 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: AVAGO HW-SAS3508 (scsi)                                            
Disk /dev/sdb: 44.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags: 
(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      
(parted) p                                                                
Model: AVAGO HW-SAS3508 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 44.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) mkpart primary 0 22T
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? I                                                          
(parted) p                                                                
Model: AVAGO HW-SAS3508 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 44.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      17.4kB  22.0TB  22.0TB               primary

(parted) mkpart primary 22T -1
(parted) p
Model: AVAGO HW-SAS3508 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 44.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      17.4kB  22.0TB  22.0TB               primary
 2      22.0TB  44.0TB  22.0TB               primary

(parted) p                                                                
Model: AVAGO HW-SAS3508 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 44.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      17.4kB  22.0TB  22.0TB               primary
 2      22.0TB  44.0TB  22.0TB               primary

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@test100 ~]# df                                            
Filesystem               1K-blocks     Used  Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 133618048        0  133618048   0% /dev
tmpfs                    133633792        0  133633792   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    133633792    97472  133536320   1% /run
tmpfs                    133633792        0  133633792   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   52403200 15015640   37387560  29% /
/dev/sda2                  1038336   151480     886856  15% /boot
/dev/sda1                   204580     9112     195468   5% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/centos-home 1112474880  2396624 1110078256   1% /home
tmpfs                     26726784       64   26726720   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     26726784      576   26726208   1% /run/user/0
[root@test100 ~]# mkfs.ext
mkfs.ext2  mkfs.ext3  mkfs.ext4  
[root@test100 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
sdb   sdb1  sdb2  
[root@test100 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb1 alignment is offset by 244736 bytes.
This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=64 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
335693824 inodes, 5371093744 blocks
268554687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
163913 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632, 
	2560000000, 3855122432

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done         

[root@test100 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=64 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
335693824 inodes, 5371092736 blocks
268554636 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
163913 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632, 
	2560000000, 3855122432

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 
done         

[root@test100 ~]# 
[root@test100 ~]# lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb               8:16   0   40T  0 disk 
├─sdb2            8:18   0   20T  0 part 
└─sdb1            8:17   0   20T  0 part 
sda               8:0    0  1.1T  0 disk 
├─sda2            8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda3            8:3    0  1.1T  0 part 
│ ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─centos-home 253:2    0    1T  0 lvm  /home
│ └─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
└─sda1            8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot/efi
[root@test100 ~]# 

参考博文：https://www.cnblogs.com/wholj/p/10924129.html