后期静态绑定

后期静态绑定工作原理是存储了在上一个“非转发调用”（non-forwarding call）的类名。当进行静态方法调用时，该类名即为明确指定的那个（通常在 :: 运算符左侧部分）；当进行非静态方法调用时，即为该对象所属的类。所谓的“转发调用”（forwarding call）指的是通过以下几种方式进行的静态调用：self::，parent::，static:: 以及 forward_static_call()。可用 get_called_class() 函数来得到被调用的方法所在的类名，static::则指出了其范围。

在无继承的时候,self::和static::的用法一样,parent::也就自然用不上.

当存在继承的时候,self::指当前所在的类,static::指被调用方法或者属性所在的类

使用 self:: 或者 __CLASS__ 对当前类的静态引用，取决于定义当前方法所在的类

class A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
    public static function test() {
        self::who();
    }
}
class B extends A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
}
B::test();

结果为:A

class A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
    public static function test() {
        static::who(); // 后期静态绑定从这里开始
    }
}
class B extends A {
    public static function who() {
        echo __CLASS__;
    }
}
B::test();

结果为:B

class A{
    public function test(){
        echo "A";
    }
}
class B extends A{
    public function test(){
        echo "B";
    }
    public function foo(){
        parent::test();
    }
}
$obj = new B();
$obj->foo();

结果为:A

综合案例:

class  A{
   public $name = "a";
   public static $age = 10;
   public static $hobby ="football";
   public function __construct(){
      echo __CLASS__,'<br/>';
   }

   public function index(){
      echo "index的class:".__CLASS__."<br/>";
      echo "index的name属性:".$this->name."<br />";
      echo "index的hobby属性:".static::$hobby."<br />";
      echo "年龄为",self::$age,"<br>";
   }
}
class B extends A{
   public $name = "b";
   public static $age = 20;
   public static $hobby ="Basketball"; 
   public function index(){
      parent::index();
      echo "index的class:".__CLASS__."<br/>";
      echo "index的name属性:".$this->name."<br />";
      echo "index的hobby属性:".static::$hobby."<br />";
      echo "年龄为",self::$age,"<br>";
   }
}
class C extends B{
   public $name = "c";
   public static $age = 30;
   public static $hobby ="Swimming";
   public function __construct(){
      parent::__construct();
      echo __CLASS__,'<br/>';
   }
}
$obj = new C();
$obj->index();

结果为:(一共运行2次index)

A
C
index的class:A
index的name属性:c
index的hobby属性:Swimming
年龄为10
index的class:B
index的name属性:c
index的hobby属性:Swimming
年龄为20

在C类中重载class方法,结果会不同

class  A{
   public $name = "a";
   public static $age = 10;
   public static $hobby ="football";
   public function __construct(){
      echo __CLASS__,'<br/>';
   }

   public function index(){
      echo "index的class:".__CLASS__."<br/>";
      echo "index的name属性:".$this->name."<br />";
      echo "index的hobby属性:".static::$hobby."<br />";
      echo "年龄为",self::$age,"<br>";
   }
}
class B extends A{
   public $name = "b";
   public static $age = 20;
   public static $hobby ="Basketball"; 
   public function index(){
      parent::index();
      echo "index的class:".__CLASS__."<br/>";
      echo "index的name属性:".$this->name."<br />";
      echo "index的hobby属性:".static::$hobby."<br />";
      echo "年龄为",self::$age,"<br>";
   }
}
class C extends B{
   public $name = "c";
   public static $age = 30;
   public static $hobby ="Swimming";
   public function __construct(){
      parent::__construct();
      echo __CLASS__,'<br/>';
   }
    public function index(){
        parent::index();
        echo "index的class:".__CLASS__."<br/>";
        echo "index的name属性:".$this->name."<br />";
        echo "index的hobby属性:".static::$hobby."<br />";
        echo "年龄为",self::$age,"<br>";
    }
}
$obj = new C();
$obj->index();

结果:(一共运行3次index)

A
C
index的class:A
index的name属性:c
index的hobby属性:Swimming
年龄为10
index的class:B
index的name属性:c
index的hobby属性:Swimming
年龄为20
index的class:C
index的name属性:c
index的hobby属性:Swimming
年龄为30

总结:C中没有index方法,继承了B的方法,而调用的时候是直接运行B里面的,而B中parent::index()会运行A中的index(),但是里面的变量或者方法还是C的,除非是self,__CLASS__等表示当前类的.