python简单代码绘图-Python 笔记：简单的绘图工具 – turtle

上图是?Turtle官方文档 中给出的例子，代码为：

from turtle import *

color('red', 'yellow')

begin_fill()

while True:

forward(200)

left(170)

if abs(pos()) < 1:

break

end_fill()

done()

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fromturtleimport*

color('red','yellow')

begin_fill()

whileTrue:

forward(200)

left(170)

ifabs(pos())<1:

break

end_fill()

done()

下面我们简单做个关于Turtle的介绍。

在Python中有很多编写图形程序的方法，一个简单的启动图形化程序设计的方法是使用Python内嵌的Turtle模块。Turtle是Python内嵌的绘制线、圆以及其他形状（包括文本）的图形模块。它很容易学习并且使用简单。

一个Turtle实际上是一个对象，在导入Turtle模块时，就创建了对象，然后，可以调用Turtle对象的各种方法完成不同的操作。

当创建一个Turtle对象时，它的位置被设定在（0,0）处——窗口的中心，而且它的方向被设置为向右。Turtle模块用笔来绘制图形。默认情况下，笔是向下的（就像真实的笔尖触碰着一张纸）。如果笔是向下的，那么当移动Turtle的时候，它就会绘制出一条从当前位置到新位置的线。

下面两个表是控制笔的绘制状态的方法和移动Turtle的方法：

import turtle

# Table 1：Turtle Pen Drawing State Methods

# Method Description

turtle.pendown() # Pulls the pen down -- drawing when moving.

turtle.penup() # Pulls the pen up -- no drawing when moving.

turtle.pensize(width) # Sets the line thickness to the specified width.

# Table 2：Turtle Mothon Methods

# Method Description

turtle.forward(d) # Moves the turtle forward by the specified distance in the direction the turtle is headed.

turtle.backward(d) # Moves the turtle backward by the specified distance in the opposite direction the turtle is headed. The turtle's direction is not changed.

turtle.right(angle) # Turns the turtle right by the specified angle.

turtle.left(angle) # Turns the turtle left by the specified angle.

turtle.goto(x,y) # Moves the turtle to an absolute position.

turtle.setx(x) # Moves the turtle's x-coordinate to the specified position.

turtle.sety(y) # Moves the turtle's y-coordinate to the specified position.

turtle.setheading(angle) # Sets the orientation of the turtle to a specified angle. 0-East, 90-North, 180-West, 270-South.

turtle.home() # Moves the turtle to the origin (0,0) and east direction.

turtle.circle(r, ext, step) # Draws a circle with the specified radius, extent, and step.

turtle.dot(diameter, color) # Draws a circle with the specified diameter and color.

turtle.undo() # Undo(repeatedly) the last turtle action(s).

turtle.speed(s) # Sets the turtle's speed to an integer between 1 and 10, with 10 being the fastest.

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importturtle

# Table 1：Turtle Pen Drawing State Methods

# Method Description

turtle.pendown()# Pulls the pen down -- drawing when moving.

turtle.penup()# Pulls the pen up -- no drawing when moving.

turtle.pensize(width)# Sets the line thickness to the specified width.

# Table 2：Turtle Mothon Methods

# Method Description

turtle.forward(d)# Moves the turtle forward by the specified distance in the direction the turtle is headed.

turtle.backward(d)# Moves the turtle backward by the specified distance in the opposite direction the turtle is headed. The turtle's direction is not changed.

turtle.right(angle)# Turns the turtle right by the specified angle.

turtle.left(angle)# Turns the turtle left by the specified angle.

turtle.goto(x,y)# Moves the turtle to an absolute position.

turtle.setx(x)# Moves the turtle's x-coordinate to the specified position.

turtle.sety(y)# Moves the turtle's y-coordinate to the specified position.

turtle.setheading(angle)# Sets the orientation of the turtle to a specified angle. 0-East, 90-North, 180-West, 270-South.

turtle.home()# Moves the turtle to the origin (0,0) and east direction.

turtle.circle(r,ext,step)# Draws a circle with the specified radius, extent, and step.

turtle.dot(diameter,color)# Draws a circle with the specified diameter and color.

turtle.undo()# Undo(repeatedly) the last turtle action(s).

turtle.speed(s)# Sets the turtle's speed to an integer between 1 and 10, with 10 being the fastest.

circle方法有三个参数：radius是必需的，extent和step是可有可无的。extent是一个角度，它决定绘制圆的哪一部分。step决定使用的阶数。如果step是3/4/5/6……，那么circle方法将绘制一个里面包含被圆括住的的三边、四边、五边、六边或更多边形（即正三角形、正方形、五边形、六边形等）。如果不指定阶数，那么circle方法就只画一个圆。

下面表是Turtle笔的颜色、填充和绘制方法：

# Table 3: Turtle Pen Color, Filling, and Drawing Methods

# Method Description

turtle.color(c) # Sets the pen color.

turtle.fillcolor(c) # Stes the pen fill color.

turtle.begin_fill() # Calls this method before filling a shape.

turtle.end_fill() # Fills the shapes drawn before the last call to begin_fill.

turtle.filling() # Returns the fill state: True if filling, False if not filling.

function.clear() # Clears the window. The state and the position to the original default value.

turtle.reset() # Clears the window and reset the state and position to the original default value.

turtle.screensize(w, h) # Sets the width and height of the canvas.

turtle.hideturtle() # Makes the turtle invisible.

turtle.showturtle() # Makes the turtle visible.

turtle.isbisible() # Returns the turtle visible.

turtle.write(s, font=("Arial", 8, "normal"))# Writes the string s on the turtle position, Font is a triple consisting of fontname, fontsize, and fonttype.

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# Table 3: Turtle Pen Color, Filling, and Drawing Methods

# Method Description

turtle.color(c)# Sets the pen color.

turtle.fillcolor(c)# Stes the pen fill color.

turtle.begin_fill()# Calls this method before filling a shape.

turtle.end_fill()# Fills the shapes drawn before the last call to begin_fill.

turtle.filling()# Returns the fill state: True if filling, False if not filling.

function.clear()# Clears the window. The state and the position to the original default value.

turtle.reset()# Clears the window and reset the state and position to the original default value.

turtle.screensize(w,h)# Sets the width and height of the canvas.

turtle.hideturtle()# Makes the turtle invisible.

turtle.showturtle()# Makes the turtle visible.

turtle.isbisible()# Returns the turtle visible.

turtle.write(s,font=("Arial",8,"normal"))# Writes the string s on the turtle position, Font is a triple consisting of fontname, fontsize, and fonttype.

Demo：

import turtle

turtle.pensize(3)

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(-100, -50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.color("red")

turtle.circle(40, steps=3)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(0, -50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.color("yellow")

turtle.circle(50)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(100, -50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.fillcolor("green")

turtle.circle(40, steps=6)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(-50, 100)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.color("blue")

turtle.write("Colorful Shapes", font = ("Times", 18,"bold"))

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.hideturtle()

turtle.done()

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importturtle

turtle.pensize(3)

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(-100,-50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.color("red")

turtle.circle(40,steps=3)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(0,-50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.color("yellow")

turtle.circle(50)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(100,-50)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

turtle.fillcolor("green")

turtle.circle(40,steps=6)

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(-50,100)

turtle.pendown()

turtle.color("blue")

turtle.write("Colorful Shapes",font=("Times",18,"bold"))

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.hideturtle()

turtle.done()

输出：

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