python使用k-means算法代码案例-用小例子讲解k-means算法流程及如何实现

图像色彩量化

k-means算法

算法流程：

从图像中随机选取K个RGB分量（K是k-means的类别数）

将图像中的像素分配到颜色距离最短的那个类别的索引中去，色彩距离按照下面的方法计算：

计算各个索引下像素的颜色的平均值，这个平均值成为新的类别

如果原来的类别和新的类别一致，算法结束；不一致，重复步骤2和步骤3

将原图中各个像素分配到色彩距离最小的那个类别中去

算法实现(python)：

import cv2 as cv

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from glob import glob

def k_means(img, Class=5):

# get shape

H, W, C = img.shape

# initiate random seed

np.random.seed(0)

# reshape image

img = np.reshape(img, (H * W, -1))

# get index randomly

i = np.random.choice(np.arange(H * W), Class, replace=False)

Cs = img[i].copy()

print(Cs)

while True:

# prepare pixel class label

clss = np.zeros((H * W), dtype=int)

# each pixel

for i in range(H * W):

# get distance from index pixel

dis = np.sqrt(np.sum((Cs - img[i])**2, axis=1))

# get argmin distance

clss[i] = np.argmin(dis)

# selected pixel values

Cs_tmp = np.zeros((Class, 3))

# each class label

for i in range(Class):

Cs_tmp[i] = np.mean(img[clss == i], axis=0)

# if not any change

if (Cs == Cs_tmp).all():

break

else:

Cs = Cs_tmp.copy()

# prepare out image

out = np.zeros((H * W, 3), dtype=np.float32)

# assign selected pixel values

for i in range(Class):

out[clss == i] = Cs[i]

print(Cs)

out = np.clip(out, 0, 255)

# reshape out image

out = np.reshape(out, (H, W, 3))

out = out.astype(np.uint8)

return out

# read image

img = cv.imread("../paojie.jpg").astype(np.float32)

# K-means

out = k_means(img,Class=3)

cv.imwrite("out.jpg", out)

cv.imshow("result", out)

cv.waitKey(0)

cv.destroyAllWindows()

实验结果：

随机选取的三个像素点的RGB分量

k-means三个聚类中心的RGB分量

原图：

用三个不同颜色（就是不同类）表示的原图像。（本实验的输出结果）