python中requests库的用途-Python.Requests库的基本使用

Requests安装

使用pip安装命令：

pip install requests

打开cmd，输入python然后导入requests如果安装成功没有任何提示

如果提示如下则说明安装失败

ImportError: No module named 'requests'

Requests 基础应用

发送不同类型HTTP请求

requests库内置了不同的方法来发送不同类型的http请求，用法如下所示：

importrequests

base_url= "http://httpbin.org"

#发生GET类型请求

r_get = requests.get(base_url + "/get")print(r_get.status_code)#发生POST类型请求

r_post = requests.post(base_url + "/post")print(r_post.status_code)#发生PUT类型请求

r_put = requests.put(base_url + "/put")print(r_put.status_code)#发生DELETE类型请求

r_delete = requests.delete(base_url + "/delete")print(r_delete.status_code)

执行结果，200是状态码表示发送请求成功

200

200

200

200

参数传递

传递URL参数

一般在GET请i去中使用字符串（query string）来进行参数传递，在requests库中使用方法如下：

param_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}

r_data= requests.get(base_url + '/get', params=param_data)print(r_data.url)print(r_data.status_code)

执行结果

http://httpbin.org/get?hero=leesin200

传递body参数

在post请求中，一般参数都在请求体（Request body）中传递，在Requests中用法如下：

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}

r_body= requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data)print(r_body.text)

执行结果

{"args": {},"data": "","files": {},"form": {"hero": "leesin"},"headers": {"Accept": "*/*","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Content-Length": "11","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host": "httpbin.org","User-Agent": "python-requests/2.22.0"},"json": null,"origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21","url": "https://httpbin.org/post"}

请求头定制

如果你想为请求添加HTTP头部，只要简单传递一个dict给headers参数就可以了。

用法如下：

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}

header= {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}

r_headers= requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data, headers=header)print(r_headers.text)

返回值

{"args": {},"data": "","files": {},"form": {"hero": "leesin"},"headers": {"Accept": "*/*","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Content-Length": "11","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host": "httpbin.org","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"},"json": null,"origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21","url": "https://httpbin.org/post"}

响应内容

当请求发送成功之后，我们可以获取响应内容。如响应状态码，响应头信息，响应体内容

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}

header= {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}

r_response= requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data, headers=header)#获取响应状态码

print(r_response.status_code)#获取响应头信息

print(r_response.headers)#获取响应内容

print(r_response.text)#将响应内容以json格式返回

print(r_response.json())

返回值

200{'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Date': 'Fri, 28 Jun 2019 14:38:09 GMT', 'Referrer-Policy': 'no-referrer-when-downgrade', 'Server': 'nginx', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY', 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block', 'Content-Length': '258', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}

{"args": {},"data": "","files": {},"form": {"hero": "leesin"},"headers": {"Accept": "*/*","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Content-Length": "11","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host": "httpbin.org","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"},"json": null,"origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21","url": "https://httpbin.org/post"}

{'args': {}, 'data': '', 'files': {}, 'form': {'hero': 'leesin'}, 'headers': {'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Content-Length': '11', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}, 'json': None, 'origin': '61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21', 'url': 'https://httpbin.org/post'}