Python办公自动化｜10个方法，是时候对Excel下手了

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-23 11:28:06 发布

我爱Python数据挖掘

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-23 11:28:06 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38037405/article/details/108393180

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自动化办公，我相信很多人都有强烈的需求，都希望从繁琐重复的劳动中挣脱出来，把精力用在有意义的事情上。

原文链接：《Python办公自动化｜10个方法，是时候对Excel下手了》。

来自知乎提问

现代办公室里几乎任何一项工作都会用到Excel、Word。在之前文章中我已分享过Python自动化操作word的文章《Python办公自动化｜只需三秒，一键生成数据分析报告》。

今天我教大家如何利用Python自动化操作Excel，包括：介绍操作Excel的工具包、安装方法及操作Excel具体方法。对于每天有大量重复性工作的同学来说，这款工具绝对是福利。

openpyxl是什么

openpyxl是一个Python库，用于读取/写入Excel xlsx / xlsm / xltx / xltm文件。它的诞生是因为缺少可从Python本地读取/写入Office Open XML格式的库。官方文档：http://yumos.gitee.io/openpyxl3.0

openpyxl安装

使用pip安装openpyxl。建议在不带系统软件包的Python virtualenv中执行此操作：

pip install openpyxl

支持流行的lxml库（如果已安装）。这在创建大文件时特别有用。

openpyxl操作指南

1、创建工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws_00 = wb.active  #默认不取名称
ws_00['A1']= 'Python学习与数据挖掘'
ws_01 = wb.create_sheet("new_sheet", 0) # 取一个new_sheet的名称
ws_01['A1']= 23
wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document.xlsx')

2、写工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
wb = Workbook()
dest_filename = '/Users/****/Desktop/empty_book.xlsx'
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"

for row in range(1, 40):
    ws1.append(range(600))
    
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws2['F5'] = 3.14

ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
    for col in range(27, 54):
        _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))

wb.save(filename = dest_filename)

插入动图

3、插入图片

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = 'You should see three logos below'
img = Image('/Users/***/work/logo.png')
ws.add_image(img, 'A1')

wb.save('/Users/xx_zheng/***/document01.xlsx')

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4、删除行和列

删除列F:H

ws.delete_cols(6, 3)

5、将工作表转换为数据框

df = DataFrame(ws.values)

6、2D区域图

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
    AreaChart,
    Reference,
    Series,
)

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

rows = [
    ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'],
    [2, 40, 30],
    [3, 40, 25],
    [4, 50, 30],
    [5, 30, 10],
    [6, 25, 5],
    [7, 50, 10],
]

for row in rows:
    ws.append(row)

chart = AreaChart()
chart.title = "Area Chart"
chart.style = 13
chart.x_axis.title = 'Test'
chart.y_axis.title = 'Percentage'

cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_row=7)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=7)
chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(cats)

ws.add_chart(chart, "A10")
wb.save("area.xlsx")

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6、雷达图

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
    RadarChart,
    Reference,
)

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

rows = [
    ['Month', "Bulbs", "Seeds", "Flowers", "Trees & shrubs"],
    ['Jan', 0, 2500, 500, 0,],
    ['Feb', 0, 5500, 750, 1500],
    ['Mar', 0, 9000, 1500, 2500],
    ['Apr', 0, 6500, 2000, 4000],
    ['May', 0, 3500, 5500, 3500],
    ['Jun', 0, 0, 7500, 1500],
    ['Jul', 0, 0, 8500, 800],
    ['Aug', 1500, 0, 7000, 550],
    ['Sep', 5000, 0, 3500, 2500],
    ['Oct', 8500, 0, 2500, 6000],
    ['Nov', 3500, 0, 500, 5500],
    ['Dec', 500, 0, 100, 3000 ],
]

for row in rows:
    ws.append(row)

chart = RadarChart()
chart.type = "filled"
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=13)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, max_col=5, min_row=1, max_row=13)
chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(labels)
chart.style = 26
chart.title = "Garden Centre Sales"
chart.y_axis.delete = True

ws.add_chart(chart, "A17")

wb.save("radar.xlsx")

插入动图

7、使用公式

此项功能非常有用，对于业务中需要批量处理的操作代码化后，可以达到事半功倍的效果。

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('/Users/***/work/document01.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

ws1["F2"] = "=SUM(B2:E2)"   # 使用公式

# Save the file
wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx')

8、给单元格设定字体颜色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED)  # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
#italic 倾斜字体
a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file
wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")

9、设定字体和大小

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
a1.value = "abc"

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from copy import copy

ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)
ft2 = copy(ft1)   #复制字体对象
ft2.name = "Tahoma"

10、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充
bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)

print dir(ws["A1"])
ws["A1"].style =highlight

# Save the file
wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")