python 抽象类接口类

概念

两者区别

一些可能出现的问题

需要引入abc模块后实现，不能实例化

继承后可以实例化

必须要实现他的抽象方法

@property让方法秒变“属性”

from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta


class GraphicRule(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """图形接口类"""

    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        """面积"""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        """周长"""
        pass


class Rectangle(GraphicRule):
    """矩形类"""
    def __init__(self, b, h):
        self.b = b
        self.h = h

    @property
    def area(self):
        return self.b*self.h

    @property
    def perimeter(self):
        return (self.b+self.h)*2


rect1 = Rectangle(3, 7)
# （1）注释以下的方法调用
# print("矩形面积：{}".format(rect1.area()))
# print("矩形周长：{}".format(rect1.perimeter()))
# （2）属性调用
print("矩形面积：{}".format(rect1.area))
print("矩形周长：{}".format(rect1.perimeter))

# =======控制台输出结果=======
矩形面积：21
矩形周长：20

具体实现

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractclassmethod


class Duck(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    mouth = None
    ear = None
    eye = None

    @abstractclassmethod
    def eat(self):
        pass



class FlyEnable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractclassmethod
    def fly(self):
        pass


class FlyWithWings(FlyEnable):
    def fly(self):
        print("fly with wings")


class DuckA(Duck, FlyWithWings):
    def eat(self):
        print("duckA eat ...")



ducka = DuckA()
ducka.eat()
ducka.fly()

返回值