EntityFramework 之 CodeFirst

Code First介绍： Code First模式是一种很cool的模式，手动创建POCO(全称Plain Old Class Object，也就是最基本的CLR Class，实体类)类，数据层DbContext及映射关系，通过Database.SetInitializer(本次采用dbcontext.Database.CreateIfNotExists方法)生成数据库，自动生成方便快速、更易维护、非常灵活。

一、安装Entity Framework，添加引用的程序集：

添加system.data,

最终引用集效果如下：

二、新建上下文类DBcontext

 public class BaseContext<TContext>
    : DbContext where TContext : DbContext
    {
        public BaseContext(string connectName)
            : base(connectName)
        {
            Database.SetInitializer<TContext>(null);
        }
    }

    public class CommonContext : BaseContext<CommonContext>
    {
        public CommonContext(string connectName)
            : base(connectName)
        {
        }

        //public DbSet<score_records> CommonScoreRecordsTable { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new scoreRecordsConfig()); //设置主键
        }
        public DbSet<score_records> score_records { get; set; }
    }
     class scoreRecordsConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<score_records>
    {
        public scoreRecordsConfig()
        {
            HasKey(c => c.id);
        }
    }

scoreRecordsConfig()函数用来定义数据实体的主键，如下图例子，数据实体声明【Key】,config函数里设置主键为id字段。

 public class score_records 
    {     
            [Key]
            public int id { get; set; }//成绩记录编号
            public int cid { get; set; }//班级id           
            public int sid { get; set; }//学生id
            public string sname { get; set; }//学生name
            public int c_sco { get; set; }//语文score
            public int m_sco { get; set; }//数学score
            public int e_sco { get; set; }//英语score
            public string date { get; set; } //考试日期2019-1-1格式
            public int rank { get; set; }  //每次考试的总分排名
    }

三、 public class BaseContext，这个上下文的类名为BaseContext，所以在App.config中增加name为BaseContext的数据库连接字符串，id和password为对应的数据的id和password。

 <connectionStrings>
    <add name="BaseContext"
        connectionString="server=127.0.0.1;User Id=isoftstone;password=isoftstone;Persist Security Info=True;database=score;Character Set =utf8"
        providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient"/>
  </connectionStrings>

四、APP.config和项目目录 最终效果如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=4.4.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
  </startup>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
  </entityFramework>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="BaseContext"
        connectionString="server=127.0.0.1;User Id=isoftstone;password=isoftstone;Persist Security Info=True;database=score;Character Set =utf8"
        providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient"/>
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

五、在主程序中，执行向数据库中添加数据的代码

 class Program
    {
        static string[] lastName = new string[10] { "李", "王", "张", "刘", "陈", "杨", "赵", "黄", "周", "吴" };
        static string[] firstName = new string[20] { "俊", "威", "英", "壮", "焕", "挺", "秀", "伟", "雄", "巍", "松", "柏", "石", "婵", "娟", "姣", "婷", "媚", "妩", "倩" };
        static void creatScoreRecords()
        {
            CommonContext dbcontext = new CommonContext("BaseContext");//新建上下文类
            dbcontext.Database.CreateIfNotExists(); 
    //当对应的表不存在时，会自动创建数据库，数据库名就是connectstrings里的database，表名就是数据实体类名，各个字段对应类属性
            score_records TempRecord = new score_records();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)  //5个班
            {
                TempRecord.cid = i + 1;
                for (int j = 0; j < 30; j++) //每个班30人
                {
                    TempRecord.sid = 202001 + j;//生成学生id，以2020XXXX格式
                    Random ran = new Random(Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode());
                    string s1 = lastName[ran.Next(0, 9)]; //生成学生姓名s1+s2+s3
                    string s2 = firstName[ran.Next(0, 19)];
                    string s3 = "";
                    if (ran.NextDouble() > 0.5) s3 = firstName[ran.Next(0, 19)];
                    TempRecord.sname = s1 + s2 + s3;
                    for (int k = 1; k <= 6; k++)  //每人6次考试
                    {
                        Date date = new Date(2019, k, 1);
                        TempRecord.date = date.ToString("O");
                        TempRecord.exemId = k;
                        TempRecord.c_sco = ran.Next(55, 101);
                        TempRecord.e_sco = ran.Next(55, 101);
                        TempRecord.m_sco = ran.Next(55, 101);
                        dbcontext.score_records.Add(TempRecord);
                        dbcontext.SaveChanges();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
   }

六、可以看到数据库中，添加了数据