数论入门 素数

掌握的知识点：

• Prime Numbers
• Fermat's and Euler's Theorems 
• Testing for Primality
• The Chinese Remainder Theorem
• Discrete Logarithms

 

 Prime Numbers

Prime numbers only have divisors of 1 and self

• cannot be written as a product of other numbers
• 1 is prime,but is generally not of interest

 

Prime numbers are central to number theory!

 

List of prime number less than 200 is:

2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199

上面看出素数一定是奇数(except 2)，如果是偶数肯定不是素数

 

Prime  factorisation of a number n is when its written as a product of primes: 

其中，P是所有素数的集合，a是任意正整数

比如， 91=7* 13,  3600= 2^4 *  3^2 * 5^2

 

两个数互素的条件：

Two numbers a, b are relatively prime if have no common divisors other than 1.

 

Conversely can determine the greatest common divisor by comparing their prime factorizations and using least powers.

example: 300=2^1 * 3^1 * 5^2 ,   18= 2^1 * 3^2 

thus gcd(18,300)=2^1 * 3^1 *5^0= 6