Promises

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-07 21:59:18 发布

喂醒醒起来学习啦

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-07 21:59:18 发布

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从 ECMAScript 6 开始，JavaScript 增加了对 Promise 对象的支持，它允许你对延时和异步操作流进行控制。

Promise 对象有以下几种状态：

pending：初始的状态，即正在执行，不处于 fulfilled 或 rejected 状态。
fulfilled：成功的完成了操作。
rejected：失败，没有完成操作。
settled：Promise 处于 fulfilled 或 rejected 二者中的任意一个状态, 不会是 pending。

你可以在 MDN GitHub promise-test 中找到这个简单的例子，它使用了 Promise 和 XMLHttpRequest 来加载一张图片，你也可以直接在这个页面查看他的效果。同时为了让你更清楚的了解 Promise 和 XHR 的结构，代码中每一个步骤后都附带了注释。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">

    <title>Promise example</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="">
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="//html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
  </head>

  <body>
    <h1>Promise example</h1>

    <p>Darth Vader image by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/digital_stability/">Shawn Taylor</a>, published under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic</a> license.</p>
  </body>

  <script>
  function imgLoad(url) {
    // Create new promise with the Promise() constructor;
    // This has as its argument a function
    // with two parameters, resolve and reject
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      // Standard XHR to load an image
      var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
      request.open('GET', url);
      request.responseType = 'blob';
      // When the request loads, check whether it was successful
      request.onload = function() {
        if (request.status === 200) {
        // If successful, resolve the promise by passing back the request response
          resolve(request.response);
        } else {
        // If it fails, reject the promise with a error message
          reject(Error('Image didn\'t load successfully; error code:' + request.statusText));
        }
      };
      request.onerror = function() {
      // Also deal with the case when the entire request fails to begin with
      // This is probably a network error, so reject the promise with an appropriate message
          reject(Error('There was a network error.'));
      };
      // Send the request
      request.send();
    });
  }
  // Get a reference to the body element, and create a new image object
  var body = document.querySelector('body');
  var myImage = new Image();
  // Call the function with the URL we want to load, but then chain the
  // promise then() method on to the end of it. This contains two callbacks
  imgLoad('myLittleVader.jpg').then(function(response) {
    // The first runs when the promise resolves, with the request.response
    // specified within the resolve() method.
    var imageURL = window.URL.createObjectURL(response);
    myImage.src = imageURL;
    body.appendChild(myImage);
    // The second runs when the promise
    // is rejected, and logs the Error specified with the reject() method.
  }, function(Error) {
    console.log(Error);
  });
  </script>
</html>

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Promises

从 ECMAScript 6 开始，JavaScript 增加了对 Promise 对象的支持，它允许你对延时和异步操作流进行控制。Promise 对象有以下几种状态：pending：初始的状态，即正在执行，不处于 fulfilled 或 rejected 状态。fulfilled：成功的完成了操作。rejected：失败，没有完成操作。settled：Promise 处于 fulfilled 或...
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