Learning how to skim and scan can help you identify key information to answer questions in the Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking parts of your IELTS test. Today, our IELTS Experts will walk you through some tips on how to skim and scan for keywords.
学习如何略读和扫描可以帮助您识别关键信息，以回答雅思考试听力、阅读、写作和口语部分的问题。今天，我们的雅思专家将带您了解一些有关如何浏览和扫描关键字的技巧。
1. How are skimming and scanning different? 略读和扫描有何不同？
Skimming is reading quickly to find the general overview of the passage.
略读是快速阅读以找到文章的总体概述。
Scanning is reading quickly to find specific details within the passage.
扫描是快速阅读以找到段落中的具体细节。
2. What are some skimming techniques? 有哪些略读技巧？
Always think about the title, headings, and topic sentences of reading passages, as they are the main ideas. Always read the major parts such as the titles and headings carefully when you are skimming a reading passage. The main idea of entire readings, sections, or paragraphs of reading passages should become clear when doing this.
始终思考阅读段落的标题、标题和主题句，因为它们是主要思想。当你浏览文章时，一定要仔细阅读标题和标题等主要部分。这样做时，整个阅读、阅读段落的章节或段落的主要思想应该变得清晰。
Reading either the first sentence, or the first and last sentence of a paragraph is another great skimming technique. The first and/or last sentence of a paragraph will provide enough information about the general overview of a paragraph for the most part. Heading match and title match questions are easier to answer when using this technique.
阅读第一个句子或段落的第一个和最后一个句子是另一种很好的略读技巧。段落的第一句话和/或最后一句将提供有关段落大部分内容的总体概述的足够信息。使用此技术时，标题匹配和标题匹配问题更容易回答。
For example, get the main idea of the paragraphs by reading the first and last sentence:
例如，通过阅读第一句和最后一句来了解段落的主要思想：
A
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year.
目前世界上有超过 7 亿辆机动车辆，并且这个数字每年以超过 4000 万辆的速度增长。
This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
对机动车的依赖引发了环境污染、石油资源枯竭、交通拥堵和安全等重大问题。
B
While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes.
虽然新车排放的危害远不如以前，但城市街道和高速公路却变得比以往更加拥挤，通常都是老式卡车、公共汽车和出租车，它们排放出过量的烟雾。
In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.
在墨西哥城，车辆污染是主要的健康危害。
C
Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse.
直到一百年前，大多数旅程都在 20 公里范围内，这个距离可以通过骑马方便地到达。
Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?
它能否避免陷入拥挤和污染的人员和货物运输方式？
D
In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport.
在欧洲，大多数城市仍然是为旧的交通方式而设计的。
Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.
其他社会影响也被归咎于汽车，例如疏远和侵略性的人类行为。
E
A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails - congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on.
欧洲交通与环境联合会 1993 年的一项研究发现，就交通拥堵、事故、污染、农田和自然栖息地损失、石油资源枯竭等外部社会成本而言，汽车运输的成本是铁路旅行的七倍， 等等。
It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.
期望人们放弃私家车而选择公共交通是不现实的。
F
Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuelled efficiency of engines.
技术解决方案可以减少污染问题并提高发动机的燃油效率。
Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.
此外，全球汽车使用量的增长速度快于技术所带来的排放和燃油效率改善的速度。
G
Some argue that the only long-term solution is to design cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport.
一些人认为，唯一的长期解决方案是设计城市和社区，使汽车出行不再是必要的——所有基本服务都位于步行距离内或通过公共交通即可轻松到达。
But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision – and the capital – to make such profound changes in modern lifestyles.
但很少有民主社会有幸拥有对现代生活方式进行如此深刻改变的愿景和资本。
H
A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small ‘low emission’ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere.
更可能的情况似乎是，将进出城市和城市周边的公共交通系统与供城市使用的小型“低排放”汽车和供其他地方使用的大型混合动力或稀薄燃烧汽车结合起来。
In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.
在大多数发展中国家，旧汽车和旧技术仍然占主导地位。
Reading the introduction and conclusion of a reading passage is one skimming technique when doing questions like a title match. This will allow you to get the main idea of the reading passage.
在做标题匹配等问题时，阅读阅读文章的引言和结论是一种略读技巧。这将使您了解阅读文章的主要思想。
In order to get the general overview of the reading passage, read the first and last paragraph.
为了获得阅读文章的总体概述，请阅读第一段和最后一段。
A
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
目前世界上有超过 7 亿辆机动车辆，并且这个数字每年以超过 4000 万辆的速度增长。汽车使用者的平均驾驶距离也在增长——从1965年西欧的每人每天8公里增加到1995年的每天25公里。这种对机动车辆的依赖引发了一些重大问题，包括环境污染、石油枯竭资源、交通拥堵和安全。
H
A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small ‘low emission’ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.
更可能的情况似乎是，将进出城市和城市周边的公共交通系统与供城市使用的小型“低排放”汽车和供其他地方使用的大型混合动力或稀薄燃烧汽车结合起来。电子收费高速公路可用于确保司机支付适合实际道路使用的费用。运输系统更好的整合也是非常可取的——现代计算机使之变得更加可行。但这些都是有能力承担的国家的解决方案。在大多数发展中国家，旧汽车和旧技术仍然占主导地位。
For the full article, click here. Read the paragraphs and/or the article as a whole and compare your thoughts on the main idea.
如需完整文章，请点击此处。阅读整个段落和/或文章，并比较您对主要思想的想法。
3. What are some scanning techniques? 有哪些扫描技术？
Key words are most important when scanning. When scanning a text, vocabulary such are proper nouns, dates, numbers, and times is what you are looking for. Specific details can also be found when using scanning techniques.
扫描时关键词最重要。扫描文本时，您要查找的词汇包括专有名词、日期、数字和时间。使用扫描技术也可以找到具体细节。
When scanning a reading passage, it is most important that you know the key words in the question so that you can find the key words in the reading passage.
在扫描阅读文章时，最重要的是你知道问题中的关键词，这样你才能找到阅读文章中的关键词。
When looking for specific details, there are different ways to scan a reading passage. Here are some examples:
在寻找具体细节时，可以采用不同的方法来浏览阅读文章。以下是一些示例：
You can follow your finger or a pen/pencil in order to create better scanning techniques. Circling or underlining the key words within the reading passage is another good option to consider.
您可以跟随手指或钢笔/铅笔来创建更好的扫描技术。在阅读文章中圈出或划出关键词是另一个值得考虑的好选择。
Highlight all of the key words in the paragraph:
突出显示段落中的所有关键词：
A
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
目前世界上有超过 7 亿辆机动车辆，并且这个数字每年以超过 4000 万辆的速度增长。汽车使用者的平均驾驶距离也在增长——从1965年西欧的每人每天8公里增加到1995年的每天25公里。这种对机动车辆的依赖引发了一些重大问题，包括环境污染、石油枯竭资源、交通拥堵和安全。
Here are the suggestions:
以下是建议：
A
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources,traffic congestion and safety.
目前世界上有超过7 亿辆机动车辆，并且这个数字每年以超过4000 万辆的速度增长。汽车使用者的平均驾驶距离也在增长，从1965 年西欧的每人每天 8 公里增加到1995 年的每人每天25 公里。这种对机动车的依赖引发了环境污染、石油资源枯竭、交通拥堵和安全等重大问题。
参考
- https://ielts.idp.com/hongkong/about/news-and-articles/zh-hans
- https://ielts.idp.com/hongkong/prepare/article-how-to-skim-scan-for-keywords/en-gb#show-message
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