scipy习题答案（仅供参考）

Exercise 10.1: Least squares
Generate matrix A ∈ Rm×n with m > n. Also generate some vector b ∈ Rm. Now find x = arg minx ∥Ax − b∥2.
Print the norm of the residual.

import numpy as np
import scipy as sp
m = 20
n = 15
A = np.random.random((m,n))
b = np.random.random((m,))
x, residual, rank, s = sp.linalg.lstsq(A,b)
b1 = A.dot(x)
print(sp.linalg.norm(b - b1))

运行结果：

0.3462921048521962

Exercise 10.2: Optimization
Find the maximum of the function    ：f(x) = sin2(x − 2)e−x2

from scipy.optimize import fmin
def func(x):
    return -(np.sin(x-2))**2*(np.exp(-x**2))

opt = fmin(func,0)
print(-f(opt)[0])

运行结果：

Optimization terminated successfully.
         Current function value: -0.911685
         Iterations: 20
         Function evaluations: 40
0.9116854117069156

Exercise 10.3: Pairwise distances
Let X be a matrix with n rows and m columns. How can you compute the pairwise distances between every two rows?
As an example application, consider n cities, and we are given their coordinates in two columns. Now we want a nice table that tells us for each two cities, how far they are apart.
Again, make sure you make use of Scipy’s functionality instead of writing your own routine.

n = 5
m = 3
A = np.random.rand(n,m)
X = scipy.spatial.distance.pdist(A)  
Y = scipy.spatial.distance.squareform(X)  
print(Y)

运行结果：

[[0.         1.03161295 0.79745052 0.54036634 0.49914287]
 [1.03161295 0.         0.89030578 1.18083032 0.67161284]
 [0.79745052 0.89030578 0.         0.84625376 0.9042936 ]
 [0.54036634 1.18083032 0.84625376 0.         0.69062377]
 [0.49914287 0.67161284 0.9042936  0.69062377 0.        ]]