Spring Framework Ioc之Bean创建

作者：jiangzz 电话：15652034180 微信：jiangzz_wx 微信公众账号：jiangzz_wy

概述

Spring IOC(Inverse of Control)是Spring框架的核心特性之一，IOC也被为DI（Dependency Inject）。其核心思想是通过构建一个容器服务/工厂服务用语管理日常开发过程中创建Bean的复杂问题。通过Spring工厂管理Bean的创建，消亡以及Bean间的依赖问题。解决早期开发中将程序间Bean的依赖关系硬编码，继而增强了可读性同时也实现了配置解耦。可以将Spring IOC架构如下图所示

从上图可以看出使用Spring的IOC个用户生产Bean其实需要以两个属性用户的业务实体bean、配置的元数据信息信息。Spring IOC项目主要依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

Spring工厂可以根据用户提供的秒速信息生产对应的实体类。目前为止bean的配置元数据的描述方式有两种①XML Based Configuration②Annatation Based Configuration
XML Based Configuration
在项目的resource目录下创建一个配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.jiangzz.entities.User"/>
    
</beans>

Annatation Based Configuration

package com.jiangzz;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.jiangzz.entities.*;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationConfigBean {
    @Bean
    public User user(){
        return new User();
    }
}

初始化Bean工厂

如果是基于XML配置的描述信息，可以通过ClassPathXmlApplicationContext对象进行工厂的实例化

ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

同样如果注解配置可以使用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext实例化Spring的工厂。

ApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfigBean.class);

以上两种方式就是Spring 在做IOC时候Bean工厂的创建方式！

引入配置文件或者配置类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.jiangzz.entities.User"></bean>

    <!--引入子配置信息-->
    <import resource="classpath:application-service.xml"  />

</beans>

注意:application-service.xml文件的配置结构必须是以下格式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

</beans>

@Configuration
@Import(ApplicationServiceConfig.class)
public class ApplicationConfigBean {
    @Bean
    public User user(){
        return new User();
    }
}

注意：ApplicationServiceConfig必须是一个配置类

package com.jiangzz;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationServiceConfig {

}

使用工厂Bean产生对象

配置文件

ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = ctx.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);

注解配置

ApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfigBean.class);
User usera= ctx.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(usera);

Bean初始化

• 无构造参数（即使是构造私有Spring可以创建）

<bean id="user" class="com.jiangzz.entities.User"/>

• 有构造参数

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer">
    <property name="customEditors">
        <map>
            <entry key="java.util.Date" value="com.jiangzz.DateEditor"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="user" class="com.jiangzz.entities.User">
    <constructor-arg name="id" value="1"/>
    <constructor-arg name="name" value="jiangzz"/>
    <constructor-arg name="sex" value="true"/>
    <constructor-arg name="birthDay" value="1990-12-13"/>
</bean>

复杂属性转换

package com.jiangzz;

import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class DateEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {
    SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    @Override
    public void setAsText(String value) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        Date parse=null;
        try {
            parse = sdf.parse(value);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        setValue(parse);
    }
}

• 单例对象

public class UserService implements IUserService {
    private static UserService instance;
    private UserService(){}
    public  synchronized static  UserService getInstance(){
            if(instance==null){
                instance=new UserService();
            }
            return instance;
    }
}

<bean id="userService" 
      class="com.jiangzz.service.impl.UserService" 
      factory-method="getInstance"/>

• 复杂对象

package com.jiangzz;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import com.jiangzz.entities.User;

import java.util.Date;

public class UserFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<User> {
    public User getObject() throws Exception {
        return new User(1,"jiangzz",true,new Date());
    }

    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return User.class;
    }
}

<bean id="user" class="com.jiangzz.UserFactoryBean"/>

ctx.getBean("&user")//获取的是UserFactoryBean对象
ctx.getBean("user")//获取的是UserFactoryBean#getObject对象

• FactoryBean创建

<bean id="userUtils" class="com.jiangzz.UserUtils"/>
<bean id="user" factory-bean="userUtils" factory-method="createUser"/>

package com.jiangzz;

import com.jiangzz.entities.User;
import java.util.Date;
public class UserUtils {
    private static final User user=new User(1,"jiangzz",true,new Date());

    public  User createUser(){//该方法必须是非静态方法
        return user;
    }
}

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