[笔记迁移][Spring Boot]SpringMVC Web开发[4]

1. 使用Spring Boot（三步走）

1. 用Spring Initializer创建Spring Boot应用，选中需要的模块
2. Spring Boot默认将这些场景自动配置(xxxAutoConfiguration注入组件+xxxProperties封装配置)，只需要在主配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行
3. 编写业务逻辑代码

2. RESTful-CRUD实例

2.1 准备

2.1.1 使用Spring Initializer快速创建自带web模块的Spring Boot项目

2.1.2 Spring Boot对静态资源的映射规则

//用来设置和静态资源有关的参数，如缓存时间等
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources",ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware, InitializingBean

//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration

//静态资源处理器
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
   
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
   
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
            } else {
   
                Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
                //规则一：localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
   
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{
   "/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{
   "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
                }
				//规则二：去ResourceProperties里配置拿staticLocation，这是一个常量数组RESOURCE_LOCATIONS={"/","classpath:/META-INF/resources","classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/","classpathL/public/"}，这些位置就是存放静态资源的位置	
                String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); 
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
   
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{
   staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); //staicLocation->ResourceProperty#RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,是一个常量数组
                }

            }
        }

1. 规则一：所有匹配/webjars/**的资源请求都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源。
   【webjars】：以jar包的方式引入静态资源：https://www.webjars.org/ ，可以查询到所需资源的对应版本并将dependency引入pom.xml，如jquery。

   <dependency>
   	<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
   	<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
   	<version>3.2.1</version>
   </dependency>
   

   导入后的jar包目录结构
   只需要写wejars下面的资源路径即可，访问路径举例：localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js

2. /** 访问当前项目的任何资源，如果没有处理，将从以下静态资源文件夹中查找
   classpath:/META-INF/resources/
   classpath:/resources/
   classpath:/static/
   classpath:/public/
   / （即当前项目的根路径）
   注意，上面的静态资源文件夹的名字不在访问路径中出现，访问路径举例：localhost:8080/assets/js/Chart.min.js

//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
   
			//底层调用返回的是，第一个“存在的index.html”的Resource对象，与getStaticPathPattern()返回的/**映射
            return new WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
/*底层的核心调用
private String[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() {
   
        String[] result = new String[this.staticLocations.length];

        for(int i = 0; i < result.length; ++i) {
   
            String location = this.staticLocations[i];
            if (!location.endsWith("/")) {
   
                location = location + "/";
            }
			//将静态资源文件夹的路径都拼接上index.html，返回{/index.html,classpath:/META-INF/resource/index.html,classpath:/resource/index.html,classpath:/static/index.html,classpath:/public/index.html}
            result[i] = location + "index.html";
        }
*/

3. 欢迎页：静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面；被/**映射。 访问路径举例：localhost:8080/ => index.html

//配置图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = {
   "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
   
    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

    public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
   
       this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
  
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
   
      SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
      mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
  	  //将所有**/favicon.ico映射给faviconRequestHandler，底层核心调用resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()中，还是拿静态资源文件夹的路径来取得图标路径
      mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                                             this.faviconRequestHandler()));
       return mapping;
}
/*底层核心调用
  List<Resource> getFaviconLocations() {
        List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(this.staticLocations.length + 1);
        if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
            String[] var2 = this.staticLocations;
            int var3 = var2.length;

            for(int var4 = 0; var4 < var3; ++var4) {
                String location = var2[var4];
                locations.add(this.resourceLoader.getResource(location));
            }
        }
*/

4. 所有的**/favicon.ico都是在静态资源文件夹下找
5. 通过在主配置文件中修改spring.resources.static-locations（就是前面源码中ResourcePropeties一直在用的staticLocations）自定义静态资源文件夹（配置之后，之前默认的静态资源文件夹路径都不可用），可以定义多个，因为上面看到了它本身是一个数组（用逗号分隔）。

2.2 Spring Boot默认不支持JSP => 推荐模板引擎（ViewResolver）Thymeleaf

2.2.1 引入Thymeleaf-starter

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--默认引用2.1.6，过低，需要切换3.x。在当前工程pom.xml抽取的<properties>中加入如下配置来覆盖父依赖-->
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.2.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!--布局功能的支持程序，thymeleaf3主程序，layout2以上版本-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.1.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>

2.2.2 使用

1. 只要把html页面置于classpath:/templates/中，thymeleaf便能自动渲染。
2. 在h5页面的<html>中导入thymeleaf的命名空间以获取语法提示。

   <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
   

3. Thymeleaf配置封装ThymeleafProperties

   @ConfigurationProperties(
       prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
   )
   public class ThymeleafProperties {
        
       private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
       private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
     
     	//只要把HTML页面置于classpath:/templates/中，thymeleaf便能自动渲染
       public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
       public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
     
     
       private boolean checkTemplate = true;
       private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
       private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
       private String suffix = ".html";
       private String mode = "HTML5";
       private Charset encoding;
       private MimeType contentType;
       private boolean cache;
       private Integer templateResolverOrder;
       private String[] viewNames;
       private String[] excludedViewNames;
       private boolean enabled;
   }
   

2.2.3 语法（详见Thymeleaf官网pdf）

1. th:text 替换当前元素内的文本内容
   ==推广至==>“th:任意属性” 可以对html原生对应属性进行替换（只有经过模板引擎渲染的访问才会发生属性替换，直接访问单纯的静态 html不会替换）。

2. 属性解析的优先级

3. 表达式

   Simple Expression 简单表达式
   Variable Expression 变量表达式	${} 底层是OGNL表达式，OGNL功能 内置Basic Object：   #ctx: the context object   #vars: the context variables   #locale: the context locale   #request: HttpServletRequest   #response: HttpServeltResponse   #session: HttpSession   #servletContext: ServletContext 内置工具对象：   #execInfo: information about the template being processed.   #message: methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expression, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…}   #uris: methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs   #conversions: methods for executingthe configured conversion service(if any)   #dates: methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction…   #calendars: analogous to #date, but for java.util.Calendar objects   #numbers: methods for formatting numeric objects   #strings: methods for String objects: contains, startWith, prepending/appending…   #objects: methods for objects in general   #bools: method for boolean evaluation   #arrays: method for arrays   #lists   #sets   #maps   #aggregates: methods for creating aggregates on array of collection   #ids: methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated
   Selecting Variable Expression 选择表达式	基本功能和${}一样，但补充了功能：配合th:object进行使用，在外层div属性th:object指定对象后，可以直接在内部元素直接使用*{字段名}取到其内部属性值
   Message Expression 国际化表达式	#{}，获取国际化内容
   Link URL Expression	@{}，定义URL，th:href @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType=‘FAST’)}，execId和execType是传递的两个参数，用逗号隔开，可以套用${}动态取参数
   Fragment Expression 文档片段表达式	~{…}

   字面量表达式，数学表达式，布尔表达式，运算符表达式、条件运算等与OGNL一致
   【Special tokes 特殊表达式(表示无操作，如在三元运算中)：_】

4. 常见场景实例

	<body>
   	success!
   	<!-- th:text 将div内的文本内容设置为指定值-->
   	<div th:text="${hello}"></div>
   	<div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
   	<hr/>
   	<!--与增强foreach相似的遍历th:each, 每次遍历都会生成当前标签-->
   	<h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
   	<hr>
   	<h4>
   	  	<!--[[]]与th:text等价，[()]与th:utext等价 -->
   	    <span th:each="user:${users}">[[${user}]]</span>
   	</h4>
   	</body>

2.3 底层 SpringMVC 自动配置WebMvcAutoConfiguration

Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.
The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:

• Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
  (自动配置视图解析器ViewResolver。ContentNegotiatingViewResolver将获取容器中所有的ViewResolver。=>只要在配置类中向容器注入ViewResolver的实现类对象，就可以被ContentNegotiatingViewResolver自动组合进来。)

---

• Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).
• Static index.html support.
• Custom Favicon support (see below).
  （对webjars、静态资源文件夹、首页、图标等支持）

---

• Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.
  （自动配置了映射绑定时的类型转换Converter和数据格式化Formatter=>只要在配置类中向容器注入Converter或Formatter的实现类对象，就可以添加自定义转换器）

---

• Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
  （自动配置对JSON和POJO的转换器=>只要在配置类中注入HttpMessageConverter，就可以添加自定义HttpMessageConverter）

---

• Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).
  定义错误代码生成规则，如JSR303数据校验

---

• Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
  （自动配置ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer用来初始化WebDataBinder=>只要在配置类中注入ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer，就可以自定义WebDataBinder来替换默认的）

1. 自动配置视图解析器ViewResolver

   //WebMVCAutoConfiguration.java
   //1.1 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver：组合所有的视图解析器
   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnBean({
        ViewResolver.class})
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {
        "viewResolver"},value = {
        ContentNegotiatingViewResolver.class})
   public ContentNegotiatingViewResolver viewResolver(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        
               ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();        		  resolver.setContentNegotiationManager((ContentNegotiationManager)beanFactory
                                                                                                                                            .getBean(ContentNegotiationManager.class));
               resolver.setOrder(-2147483648);
               return resolver;
   }
   
   //ContentNegotiatingViewResolver.java
   //1.1.1 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver的核心方法：解析最佳视图实现
    public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
        
           RequestAttributes attrs = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
           Assert.state(attrs instanceof ServletRequestAttributes, "No current ServletRequestAttributes");
           List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = this.getMediaTypes(((ServletRequestAttributes)attrs).getRequest());
           if (requestedMediaTypes != null) {
        
           	//获取候选的View对象
               List<View> candidateViews = this.getCandidateViews(viewName, locale, requestedMediaTypes);
                /*	底层getCadidateViews()的核心代码
                   private List<View> getCandidateViews(String viewName, Locale locale, List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes) throws Exception {
       				List<View> candidateViews = new ArrayList();
       				Iterator var5 = this.viewResolvers.iterator();
   					//遍历所有的ViewResolver进行解析
   			        while(var5.hasNext()) {
   			            ViewResolver viewResolver = (ViewResolver)var5.next();
   			            View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
   			            if (view != null) {
   			                candidateViews.add(view);
   			            }
   			
   			            Iterator var8 = requestedMediaTypes.iterator();
   			
   			            while(var8.hasNext()) {
   			                MediaType requestedMediaType = (MediaType)var8.next();
   			                List<String> extensions = this.contentNegotiationManager.resolveFileExtensions(requestedMediaType);
   			                Iterator var11 = extensions.iterator();
   			
   			                while(var11.hasNext()) {
   			                    String extension = (String)var11.next();
   			                    String viewNameWithExtension = viewName + '.' + extension;
   			                    view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewNameWithExtension, locale);
   			                    if (view != null) {
   			                        candidateViews.add(view);
   			                    }
   			                }
   			            }
   			        }
               }*/
               //从候选View中选出最佳View对象后返回
               View bestView = this.getBestView(candidateViews, requestedMediaTypes, attrs);
               if (bestView != null) {
        
                   return bestView;
               }
     }
     //... ...
   }
   
   //1.1.2 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver如何获取所有的视图解析器ViewResolver？
   //如何自定义视图解析器？给容器注入自定义ViewResolver实现类,ContentanargotiatingViewResolver自动组合进来
    protected void initServletContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
        
    		//用BeanFacotryUtils工具获取容器中所有ViewResolver的实现类，这就是candidateViewResolvers
           Collection<ViewResolver> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils
             .beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(this.getApplicationContext(), ViewResolver.class)
             .values();
   
   	   if (this.viewResolvers == null) {
        
               this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList(matchingBeans.size());
               Iterator var3 = matchingBeans.iterator();
   
               while(var3.hasNext()) {
        
                   ViewResolver viewResolver = (ViewResolver)var3.next();
                   if (this != viewResolver) {
        
                       this.viewResolvers.add(viewResolver);
                   }
               }
           } else {
        
               for(int i = 0; i < this.viewResolvers.size(); ++i) {
        
                   if (!matchingBeans.contains(this.viewResolvers.get(i))) {
        
                       String name = ((ViewResolver)this.viewResolvers.get(i)).getClass().getName() + i;
                       this.getApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().initializeBean(this.viewResolvers.get(i), name);
                   }
               }
           }
   

2. 自动配置类型转换器Converter与格式化器Formatter ===> ConverterFormatter

   //WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java
   //2.1 DateFormatter
   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc",name = {
        "date-format"})//需要在配