werkzeug源码分析：routing(路由)

werkzeug的routing模块探究

怎么根据请求信息寻找对应的处理函数，这就需要路由功能，routing模块的功能就是提供路由，主要有三个重要的类组成，下面逐个分析：

Rule

Rule类主要用于存储单个路由规则，定义了url和endpoint的映射，同时能指定允许的请求方法。__init__方法主要做这些初始化。

@implements_to_string
class Rule(RuleFactory):

    def __init__(
        self,
        string,
        defaults=None,
        subdomain=None,
        methods=None,
        build_only=False,
        endpoint=None,
        strict_slashes=None,
        redirect_to=None,
        alias=False,
        host=None,
    ):
        if not string.startswith("/"):
            raise ValueError("urls must start with a leading slash")
        self.rule = string
        self.is_leaf = not string.endswith("/")

        self.map = None
        self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
        self.subdomain = subdomain
        self.host = host
        self.defaults = defaults
        self.build_only = build_only
        self.alias = alias
        if methods is None:
            self.methods = None
        else:
            if isinstance(methods, str):
                raise TypeError("param `methods` should be `Iterable[str]`, not `str`")
            self.methods = set([x.upper() for x in methods])
            if "HEAD" not in self.methods and "GET" in self.methods:
                self.methods.add("HEAD")
        self.endpoint = endpoint
        self.redirect_to = redirect_to

        if defaults:
            self.arguments = set(map(str, defaults))
        else:
            self.arguments = set()
        self._trace = self._converters = self._regex = self._argument_weights = None

Rule通过bind方法和Map进行绑定，绑定之后，路由映射Map就可以获取这条路由规则。通俗说法就是路由注册。

def bind(self, map, rebind=False):
    """Bind the url to a map and create a regular expression based on
    the information from the rule itself and the defaults from the map.

    :internal:
    """
    if self.map is not None and not rebind:
        raise RuntimeError("url rule %r already bound to map %r" % (self, self.map))
    self.map = map
    if self.strict_slashes