LeetCode算法题535. Encode and Decode TinyURL

LeetCode算法题535. Encode and Decode TinyURL

Note: This is a companion problem to the System Design problem: Design TinyURL.
TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.

Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

题目的意思很简单就是要把一个例如 https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl 这样的长链接转化为 http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk 这样的短链接，然后还能最后再转化回去。下面给出python3的解决方法：

1. 定义两个函数encode（）和decode（），模板已经有给出；
2. 注意到短链接最后一共是有6个字符组成的字符串，由大小写字母和数字构成。这时候我们就可以使用python3中string库里提供的两个函数string.ascii_letters 和 string.digits生成a-z,A-Z,0~9的字符串.
3. 创建两个字典，longtoshort用来从长URL映射到短URL，它的索引是longUrl，值为shortUrl 。 shorttolong相反。
   longtoshort={}
   shorttolong={}
4. 定义一个生成http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk中4e9iAk这6个字符的函数

def key():
            sixletters=''
            t=''
            for i in range(6):
                t=letters[random.randint(0,10000)%62]   #从a~z,A~Z,0~9中随机选一个字符，连续6次
                sixletters+=t
            return sixletters   #返回6个随机字符

5. 生成的6个字符拼接成短链接

if longUrl in longtoshort:
            return 'http://tinyurl.com/'+longtoshort[longUrl]
        else:
            key=key()
            longtoshort[longUrl]=key
            shorttolong[key]=longUrl
            return 'http://tinyurl.com/'+key

6. 实现decode（）：只需要在shorttolong字典中查找，若存在就返回长链接。

def decode(self, shortUrl):
        key=shortUrl.split('/')[-1]
        if key in shorttolong:
            return shorttolong[key]

7. LeetCode运行结果和提交结果。