基于TCP/UDP的网络聊天程序

最近网络结课刚好梳理一下所学的知识。

想要做一个网络聊天的程序，就要先知道需要用到什么知识和工具。

分享下别人写的Socket编程知识链接  Socket编程

基于TCP实现网络聊天1.0（无图形化界面）：

服务器端Service：

/*服务器端*/
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class Service {
	public static void main(String args[]) 
	{
		ServerSocket serverSocket;     //创建ServerSocket服务对象
		System.out.println("------Server------");
		try {
			serverSocket=new ServerSocket(2046);   //在2046端口建立监听
			System.out.println("服务器监听建立，等待连接...");
			Socket socket=serverSocket.accept(); //产生阻塞直至客户端连接
			System.out.println("已成功连接！");
			Thread thread=new Thread(new Handler(socket));    //创建新线程
			thread.start();     //启动线程
			serverSocket.close();   //关闭服务
		}
		catch(SocketException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		catch(IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

处理类Handler：

import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Handler implements Runnable {
	private Socket socket;
	Handler(Socket socket)
	{
		this.socket=socket;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		try {
			System.out.println("新连接："+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
			InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream());
			BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
			String words;
			while((words=br.readLine())!=null)
			{
				System.out.println("收到消息："+words);
				Writer writer=new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
				System.out.println("请输入回复：");
				Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
				String content=sc.nextLine();
				writer.write(content+"\n");
				Thread.sleep(10000);
				writer.flush();
				sc.close();
			}		
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		finally 
		{
			try {
				System.out.println("关闭连接："+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
				if(socket!=null)
				{
				socket.close();
				}
			}catch(IOException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

客户端Client：

/*客户端*/
import java.net.Socket;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Client {
	public static String serverId="此处输入IP地址";
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		System.out.println("------Client------");
		Socket socket;
		Scanner sc;
		try {
			socket=new Socket(serverId,2046); //建立连接
			System.out.println("连接已建立！");
			Writer writer=new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
			System.out.println("请输入消息：");
			sc=new Scanner(System.in);
			String content=sc.nextLine();
			writer.write(content+"\n");
			writer.flush();
			System.out.println("消息已发出！");
			InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream());
			BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
			System.out.println("收到消息："+br.readLine());
			socket.close();
			}
		catch(Exception e) 
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

ps:在运行过程中发现了服务器端没有响应的问题。

readLine()方法在进行读取一行时，只有遇到回车(\r)或者换行符(\n)才会返回读取结果，这就是“读取一行的意思”，重要的是readLine()返回的读取内容中并不包含换行符或者回车符；并且，当realLine()读取到的内容为空时，并不会返回 null，而是会一直阻塞，只有当读取的输入流发生错误或者被关闭时，readLine()方法才会返回null。

由于在客户端使用的readLine()来读取用户输入，所以当用户按下回车键是，readLine() 返回读取内容，但此时返回的内容并不包含换行符，而当在服务器端用readLine()再次读取时，由于读取的内容没有换行符，所以readLine()方法会一直阻塞等待换行符，这就是服务器端没有输出的原因。

解决方法：在客户端每次输入回车后，手动给输入内容加入"\n"或"\r"，再写入服务器。

基于TCP实现网络聊天2.0（图形化界面）：

/*客户端*/
import java.net.Socket;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Client extends JFrame {
	public static String serverId="输入IP地址";
	private static JTextField jip;        //IP地址
	private static JButton connect;       //连接按钮
	private static JTextArea ta;          //聊天区域
	private static JTextField text;       //输入消息
	private static JButton send;          //发送按钮
	private static JButton stop;          //停止服务按钮
	Socket socket;
	Client()
	{
		JFrame frame=new JFrame("网络聊天---客户端");
		frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		frame.setSize(600, 420);
		Container c=frame.getContentPane();
		c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 
		JTextField address=new JTextField("请输入要连接的IP:",20);
		jip=new JTextField("10.101.219.78",20);
		connect=new JButton("连接");
		connect.addActionListener(new ActionListener() //添加连接按钮监听事件
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				try
				{
					socket=new Socket(serverId,2046); //建立连接
					ta.append("连接已建立！");
				}
				catch(Exception ex)
				{
					ex.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});        
		ta=new JTextArea(15,52);    
		text=new JTextField(40);           
		send=new JButton("发送");     
		send.addActionListener(new ActionListener()   //添加发送按钮监听事件
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				try {
					Writer writer=new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
					ta.append("请输入消息："+"\n");
					String s=text.getText();
					ta.append("我:"+s+"\n");
					writer.write(s+"\n");
					writer.flush();
					ta.append("消息已发出！"+"\n");
					InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream());
					BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
					ta.append("收到消息："+br.readLine());
				}
				catch(Exception ex)
				{
					ex.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});        
		stop=new JButton("停止服务");
		stop.addActionListener(new ActionListener()    //添加停止服务按钮监听事件
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				try {
					socket.close();
					}
				catch(Exception ex) 
				{
					ex.printStackTrace();
				}		
			}
		});        
		c.add(address);
		c.add(jip);
		c.add(connect);
		c.add(ta);
		c.add(text);
		c.add(send);
		c.add(stop);
		frame.setVisible(true);
	}
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		Client client=new Client();
		ta.append("请建立连接！");
	}
}

服务器：

/*服务器端*/
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Service extends JFrame{
	private static Service service=new Service();
	private static ServerSocket serverSocket;     //创建ServerSocket服务对象
	private static Socket socket;
	public static JTextArea ta;     //聊天区域
	public static JTextField text;  //消息输入
	public static JButton send;     //发送按钮
	Service()
	{
		JFrame frame=new JFrame("网络聊天---服务器");
		frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		frame.setSize(600, 400);
		Container c=frame.getContentPane();
		c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 
		ta=new JTextArea(15,52);     
		text=new JTextField(40);     
		send=new JButton("发送"); 
		send.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				try {
					Writer writer=new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
					ta.append("请输入消息："+"\n");
					String s=text.getText();
					ta.append("我:"+s+"\n");
					writer.write(s+"\n");
					writer.flush();
					ta.append("消息已发出！"+"\n");
				}
				catch(Exception ex)
				{
					ex.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
		c.add(ta);
		c.add(text);
		c.add(send);
		frame.setVisible(true);
	}
	public static void main(String args[]) 
	{
		try {
			serverSocket=new ServerSocket(2048);   //在2046端口建立监听
			ta.append("服务器监听建立，等待连接..."+"\n");
			socket=serverSocket.accept(); //产生阻塞直至客户端连接
			ta.append("已成功连接！"+"\n");
			Thread thread=new Thread(new Handler(socket));    //创建新线程
			thread.start();     //启动线程
			serverSocket.close();   //关闭服务
		}
		catch(SocketException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		catch(IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

处理器类：

import java.net.Socket;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Handler implements Runnable {
	private Socket socket;
	Handler(Socket socket)
	{
		this.socket=socket;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		try {
			System.out.println("新连接："+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
			InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream());
			BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
			String words;
			while((words=br.readLine())!=null)
			{
				Service.ta.append("收到消息："+words+"\n");
				Service.ta.append("请输入回复："+"\n");
			}		
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		finally 
		{
			try {
				System.out.println("关闭连接："+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
				if(socket!=null)
				{
				socket.close();
				}
			}catch(IOException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

最后效果展示：

基于UDP实现网络聊天（无图形化界面）：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
/*发送方*/
public class Send {
	public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
	{
		DatagramSocket ds1=new DatagramSocket();     //发送端口
		DatagramSocket ds2=new DatagramSocket(4000);  //接收端口
		int port=3000;     //端口号
		InetAddress IP=InetAddress.getByName("10.101.219.78");
		while(true)
		{
			Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
			System.out.println("请输入发送内容：");
			String content=sc.nextLine();
			byte[] buffer=content.getBytes();
			int length=buffer.length;
			DatagramPacket dp1=new DatagramPacket(buffer,length,IP,port);
			ds1.send(dp1);
			byte[] buffer1=new byte[1024];   //接收
			int len=buffer1.length;
			DatagramPacket dp2=new DatagramPacket(buffer1,len);
			ds2.receive(dp2);
			byte[] words=dp2.getData();
			int leng=words.length;
			InetAddress address=dp2.getAddress();
			String ip=address.getHostAddress();
			System.out.println(ip+"说"+new String(words,0,leng));
		}	
			//sc.close();
			//ds1.close();
			//ds2.close();
	}
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
/*接收方*/
public class Receive {
	public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
	{
		int port=4000;    //接收方给发送方的端口
		InetAddress IP=InetAddress.getByName("10.101.219.78");
		DatagramSocket ds1=new DatagramSocket(3000);     //接收端口
		DatagramSocket ds2=new DatagramSocket();   //发送端口端口
		
		while(true)
		{
			byte[] buffer1=new byte[1024];
		    int length=buffer1.length;
			DatagramPacket dp=new DatagramPacket(buffer1,length);
			ds1.receive(dp);
			byte[] words=dp.getData();
			int len=words.length;
			InetAddress address=dp.getAddress();
			String ip=address.getHostAddress();
			System.out.println(ip+"说"+new String(words,0,len));
			System.out.println("请输入回复消息:");
			Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
			String content=sc.nextLine();
			byte[] buffer2=content.getBytes();
			int leng=buffer2.length;
			DatagramPacket dp1=new DatagramPacket(buffer2,leng,IP,port);
			ds2.send(dp1);
			System.out.println("发送成功！");
			//sc.close();
			//ds1.close();
			//ds2.close();
		}
	}
}