C++基础系列题目(2)——多态的测试

系列文章目录

C++基础系列题目(1)——sizeof

---

首先看这样一个类定义:Book继承自Library_materials

class Library_materials
{
public:
    Library_materials(/* args */){cout<<"Library_materials construct"<<endl;};
    ~Library_materials(){cout<<"Library_materials deconstruct"<<endl;};
    void check_in(){cout<<"Library_materials check in."<<endl;};
};

class Book:public Library_materials
{
public:
    Book(/* args */){cout<<"Book construct"<<endl;};
    ~Book(){cout<<"Book deconstruct"<<endl;};
    void check_in(){cout<<"Book check in."<<endl;};
};

void test_polymorphic(){
   Library_materials thing1;
   Book book;
   Library_materials &thing2=book;

   std::cout<<"==========================="<<endl;
   std::cout<<"book ptr:"<<&book<<endl;
   std::cout<<"thing2 ptr:"<<&thing2<<endl;
   
   thing1 = book;
   thing1.check_in();
   thing2.check_in();
   book.check_in();
   std::cout<<"==========================="<<endl;
}

上面这段代码中，首先我们看构造过程。

• thing1:调用基类构造
• book: 先调用基类构造，在调用派生类构造
• thing2:引用类型，不调用构造

接下来分析check_in重写的调用过程。

• thing1:调用基类check_in
• thing2:调用基类check_in（虽然thing2和book地址一样）
• book:调用派生类check_in

测试的输出如下：

Library_materials construct
Library_materials construct
Book construct
===========================
book ptr:0x7fffffffd80f
thing2 ptr:0x7fffffffd80f
Library_materials check in.
Library_materials check in.
Book check in.
===========================
Book deconstruct
Library_materials deconstruct
Library_materials deconstruct