RestTemplate发送HTTP、HTTPS请求
转载：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c2663ba6826e
HTTP之GET请求(示例)
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
/**
* 单元测试
*
* @author JustryDeng
* @DATE 2018年9月7日 下午6:37:05
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AbcHttpsTestApplicationTests {
/**
* RestTemplate 发送 HTTP GET请求 --- 测试
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*
* @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
*/
@Test
public void doHttpGetTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
// -------------------------------> 获取Rest客户端实例
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
// -------------------------------> 解决(响应数据可能)中文乱码 的问题
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
converterList.remove(1); // 移除原来的转换器
// 设置字符编码为utf-8
HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
converterList.add(1, converter); // 添加新的转换器(注:convert顺序错误会导致失败)
restTemplate.setMessageConverters(converterList);
// -------------------------------> (选择性设置)请求头信息
// HttpHeaders实现了MultiValueMap接口
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
// 给请求header中添加一些数据
httpHeaders.add("JustryDeng", "这是一个大帅哥!");
// -------------------------------> 注:GET请求 创建HttpEntity时,请求体传入null即可
// 请求体的类型任选即可;只要保证 请求体 的类型与HttpEntity类的泛型保持一致即可
String httpBody = null;
HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(httpBody, httpHeaders);
// -------------------------------> URI
StringBuffer paramsURL = new StringBuffer("http://127.0.0.1:9527/restTemplate/doHttpGet");
// 字符数据最好encoding一下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:flag的参数值就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
paramsURL.append("?flag=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
URI uri = URI.create(paramsURL.toString());
// -------------------------------> 执行请求并返回结果
// 此处的泛型 对应 响应体数据 类型;即:这里指定响应体的数据装配为String
ResponseEntity<String> response =
restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class);
// -------------------------------> 响应信息
//响应码,如:401、302、404、500、200等
System.err.println(response.getStatusCodeValue());
Gson gson = new Gson();
// 响应头
System.err.println(gson.toJson(response.getHeaders()));
// 响应体
if(response.hasBody()) {
System.err.println(response.getBody());
}
}
}
HTTP之POST请求(示例)
/**
* RestTemplate 发送 HTTP POST请求 --- 测试
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*
* @date 2018年9月8日 下午2:12:50
*/
@Test
public void doHttpPostTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
// -------------------------------> 获取Rest客户端实例
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
// -------------------------------> 解决(响应数据可能)中文乱码 的问题
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
converterList.remove(1); // 移除原来的转换器
// 设置字符编码为utf-8
HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
converterList.add(1, converter); // 添加新的转换器(注:convert顺序错误会导致失败)
restTemplate.setMessageConverters(converterList);
// -------------------------------> (选择性设置)请求头信息
// HttpHeaders实现了MultiValueMap接口
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
// 设置contentType
httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
// 给请求header中添加一些数据
httpHeaders.add("JustryDeng", "这是一个大帅哥!");
// ------------------------------->将请求头、请求体数据，放入HttpEntity中
// 请求体的类型任选即可;只要保证 请求体 的类型与HttpEntity类的泛型保持一致即可
// 这里手写了一个json串作为请求体 数据 (实际开发时,可使用fastjson、gson等工具将数据转化为json串)
String httpBody = "{\"motto\":\"唉呀妈呀！脑瓜疼！\"}";
HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(httpBody, httpHeaders);
// -------------------------------> URI
StringBuffer paramsURL = new StringBuffer("http://127.0.0.1:9527/restTemplate/doHttpPost");
// 字符数据最好encoding一下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:flag的参数值就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
paramsURL.append("?flag=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
URI uri = URI.create(paramsURL.toString());
// -------------------------------> 执行请求并返回结果
// 此处的泛型 对应 响应体数据 类型;即:这里指定响应体的数据装配为String
ResponseEntity<String> response =
restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
// -------------------------------> 响应信息
//响应码,如:401、302、404、500、200等
System.err.println(response.getStatusCodeValue());
Gson gson = new Gson();
// 响应头
System.err.println(gson.toJson(response.getHeaders()));
// 响应体
if(response.hasBody()) {
System.err.println(response.getBody());
}
}
HTTPS请求的准备工作
/**
* 声明:此代码摘录自https://blog.csdn.net/wltsysterm/article/details/80977455
* 声明:关于Socket的相关知识,本人会在后面的闲暇时间进行学习整理,请持续关注博客更新
*
* @author JustryDeng
* @DATE 2018年9月8日 下午4:34:02
*/
public class HttpsClientRequestFactory extends SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory {
@Override
protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection connection, String httpMethod) {
try {
if (!(connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection)) {
throw new RuntimeException("An instance of HttpsURLConnection is expected");
}
HttpsURLConnection httpsConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) connection;
TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{
new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
}
}
};
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());
httpsConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(new MyCustomSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()));
httpsConnection.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslSession) {
return true;
}
});
super.prepareConnection(httpsConnection, httpMethod);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* We need to invoke sslSocket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] {"SSLv3"});
* see http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/cve-2014-3566-2342133.html (Java 8 section)
*/
// SSLSocketFactory用于创建 SSLSockets
private static class MyCustomSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
private final SSLSocketFactory delegate;
public MyCustomSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
}
// 返回默认启用的密码套件。除非一个列表启用，对SSL连接的握手会使用这些密码套件。
// 这些默认的服务的最低质量要求保密保护和服务器身份验证
@Override
public String[] getDefaultCipherSuites() {
return delegate.getDefaultCipherSuites();
}
// 返回的密码套件可用于SSL连接启用的名字
@Override
public String[] getSupportedCipherSuites() {
return delegate.getSupportedCipherSuites();
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(final Socket socket, final String host, final int port,
final boolean autoClose) throws IOException {
final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port) throws IOException {
final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port);
return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress,
final int localPort) throws
IOException {
final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(final InetAddress host, final int port) throws IOException {
final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port);
return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(final InetAddress host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress,
final int localPort) throws
IOException {
final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
}
private Socket overrideProtocol(final Socket socket) {
if (!(socket instanceof SSLSocket)) {
throw new RuntimeException("An instance of SSLSocket is expected");
}
((SSLSocket) socket).setEnabledProtocols(new String[]{"TLSv1"});
return socket;
}
}
}
HTTPS ： POST/GET请求
RestTemplate发送HTTPS与发送HTTP的代码,除了在创建RestTemplate时不一样以及协议不一样(一个URL是http开头,一个是https开头)外,其余的都一样。
HTTPS之GET请求(示例)
// 创建restTemplate对象 发送https请求(发送http请求的话不需要参数)
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory());
// 接下来和HTTP的GET请求一样
...
HTTPS之POST请求(示例)
// 创建restTemplate对象 发送https请求(发送http请求的话不需要参数)
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory());
// 接下来和HTTP的POST请求一样
...
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