Oracle Exadata12.1.0.2数据库补丁手动升级

一、补丁下载

Oracle Exadata补丁和普通x86服务器补丁有所不同，大家在打补丁的时候注意选择，对应去下载，参考如下：
一体机：Exadata Database Machine and Exadata Storage Server Supported Versions (Doc ID 888828.1)
X86:Assistant: Download Reference for Oracle Database/GI Update, Revision, PSU, SPU(CPU), Bundle Patches, Patchsets and Base Releases (Doc ID 2118136.2)

二、手动升级步骤

由于在补丁升级过程中，使用readme 里面的opatchauto有时候由于bug或者其他原因无法正常在数据库和集群打开的状态下进行升级，因此手动升级补丁在一些生产场景中会用到，所以在此做个手动升级补丁的介绍

1.备份gi oracle_home 和数据库 oracle_home（两节点）

root用户备份，注意空间
[root@dm02 12.1.0.2]# cd /u01/app/12.1.0.2/
[root@dm02 12.1.0.2]#tar -pcvzf grid0513.tar.gz grid/
[root@dm02 12.1.0.2]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/
[root@dm02 12.1.0.2]# tar -pcvzf dbhome_1_0513.tar.gz dbhome_1/

2.上传补丁及opatch到/u01/soft（两节点）

[root@dm02 12.1.0.2]# cd /u01/soft/
[root@dm02 soft]# ls -l
total 8319028
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 8394318928 May 13 20:23 p34204559_121020_Linux-x86-64.zip
-rw-r–r-- 1 grid oinstall 124347218 May 13 20:23 p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
更改目录属性：
[root@op01dbadm02 u01]#chown grid: soft -R

3.替换opatch（两节点）

oracle opatch替换
oracle用户：
[oracle@dm02 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1
[oracle@dm02 dbhome_1]$ mv OPatch OPatch.bak
[oracle@dm02 dbhome_1]$ unzip /u01/soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d ./
grid opatch替换
root用户：
[root@dm02 ~]$ cd /u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid
[root@dm02 grid]$ mv OPatch OPatch.bak
[root@dm02 dbhome_1]$ unzip /u01/soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d ./
[root@dm02 dbhome_1]$ chown grid: OPatch -R

4.补丁冲突检查（两节点）

grid用户：
/u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/34057733
/u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/32758932
/u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/33112931
/u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/26983807

oracle用户：
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/34057733
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /u01/soft/34204559/32758932

5.操作系统空间检查(两节点)

grid用户：
[grid@rac01 soft]$ cat patch_list_gihome.txt
/u01/soft/34204559/34057733
/u01/soft/34204559/32758932
/u01/soft/34204559/33112931
/u01/soft/34204559/26983807
执行：
/u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckSystemSpace -phBaseFile /u01/soft/patch_list_gihome.txt

oracle用户：
[grid@rac01 soft]$ cat patch_list_dbhome.txt
/u01/soft/34204559/34057733
/u01/soft/34204559/32758932
su - oracle执行：
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckSystemSpace -phBaseFile /u01/soft/patch_list_dbhome.txt

6.打补丁（手工）（两节点）

(1)解锁grid_home（更改权限，停止集群）

root:
/u01/app/12c/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.sh -prepatch–可在集群正常状态下解锁，解锁过程中关闭集群
补充11g解锁命令：
/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock
注意手动升级补丁一定是在集群和数据库停下来的状态下升级

(2)grid用户手工应用补丁

opatch apply -oh /u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/34057733
opatch apply -oh /u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/32758932
opatch apply -oh /u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/33112931
opatch apply -oh /u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/26983807

(3)oracle用户手工应用补丁

opatch apply -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/34057733
opatch apply -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbhome_1/ -local /u01/soft/34204559/32758932

(4)root用户运行相关脚本检查及锁定GRID_HOME

a./u01/app/12.1.0.2/grid/rdbms/install/rootadd_rdbms.sh
b./u01/app/12.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.sh -postpatch（自动启动了crs）
补充11g锁定命令：
/u01/app/11.2/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch（自动启动了crs）

（5）根据readme在数据库运行相应脚本更新数据字典

7.检查升级情况

select PATCH_ID,ACTION,ACTION_TIME,DESCRIPTION from registry$sqlpatch;

select PATCH_ID,VERSION,STATUS,BUNDLE_SERIES,BUNDLE_ID from dba_registry_sqlpatch;