Markdown菜鸟教程

Markdown菜鸟教程

Author：Yuan’s Q

目录

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[TOC]

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一、字体、格式类

1.1字体与颜色设置

浅红色文字：<font color="#dd0000">浅红色文字：</font><br /> 
深红色文字：<font color="#660000">深红色文字</font><br /> 
浅绿色文字：<font color="#00dd00">浅绿色文字</font><br /> 
深绿色文字：<font color="#006600">深绿色文字</font><br /> 
浅蓝色文字：<font color="#0000dd">浅蓝色文字</font><br /> 
深蓝色文字：<font color="#000066">深蓝色文字</font><br /> 
浅黄色文字：<font color="#dddd00">浅黄色文字</font><br /> 
深黄色文字：<font color="#666600">深黄色文字</font><br /> 
浅青色文字：<font color="#00dddd">浅青色文字</font><br /> 
深青色文字：<font color="#006666">深青色文字</font><br /> 
浅紫色文字：<font color="#dd00dd">浅紫色文字</font><br /> 
深紫色文字：<font color="#660066">深紫色文字</font><br />

浅红色文字：浅红色文字：

深红色文字：深红色文字

浅绿色文字：浅绿色文字

深绿色文字：深绿色文字

浅蓝色文字：浅蓝色文字

深蓝色文字：深蓝色文字

浅黄色文字：浅黄色文字

深黄色文字：深黄色文字

浅青色文字：浅青色文字

深青色文字：深青色文字

浅紫色文字：浅紫色文字

深紫色文字：深紫色文字

二、大小

size为1：<font size="1">size为1</font><br /> 
size为2：<font size="2">size为2</font><br /> 
size为3：<font size="3">size为3</font><br /> 
size为4：<font size="4">size为4</font><br /> 
size为10：<font size="10">size为10</font><br /> 
123456

size为1：size为1

size为2：size为2

size为3：size为3

size为4：size为4

size为10：size为10

1.2标题与目录

1.2段落、间距设置

1.3超链接与参考文献

1.4插入外部数据（图片）

二、表格、区块、代码块

1.1 插入表格

1.2 插入代码块

区块

二、数学公式类

1.1 常用符号

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1.To see how any formula was written in any question or answer, including this one, right-click on the expression it and choose “Show Math As > TeX Commands”. (When you do this, the ‘$’ will not display. Make sure you add these. See the next point.)

2.For inline formulas,enclose the formula in $...$. For display formulars,use** $$...$$.These render differently.For example,type$\sum_{i=0}^n i^2=\frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$to show (which is inline mode) or type$$\sum_{i=0}^n i^2=\frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$$

​ $$(which is display mode).

3.For Greek letters, use \alpha, \beta, …, \omega: α,β,…ω. For uppercase, use \Gamma, \Delta, …, \Omega: Γ,Δ,…,Ω.

若需要斜体，\varSigma。

显示	命令	显示	命令
	\alpha		\beta
	\gamma		\delta
	\epsilon		\zeta
	\eta		\theta
	\iota		\kappa
	\lambda		\mu
	\nu		\xi
	\pi		\rho
	\sigma		\tau
	\upsilon		\phi
	\chi		\psi
	\omega

4.For superscripts and subscripts, use ^ and _. For example,x_i^2: , \log_2 x: $log2x $.

5.Groups. Superscripts, subscripts, and other operations apply only to the next “group”. A “group” is either a single symbol, or any formula surrounded by curly braces {…}. If you do 10^10, you will get a surprise: . But 10^{10} gives what you probably wanted: . Use curly braces to delimit a formula to which a superscript or subscript applies: x^5^6 is an error; {x^y}^z is , and x^{y^z} is . Observe the difference between x_i^2 and x_{i^2}.

6.Parentheses Ordinary symbols ()[] make parentheses and brackets (2+3)[4+4]. Use \{ and \} for curly braces {}.

These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write (\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}) the parentheses will be too small: . \left(…\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose: .\left\{x\middle | \frac{x^2}{2} \in \mathbb{z}\right\} ,f_{comp}(y_{obs},y_{mis})=f_m(y_{mis})\cdot f_{o|m}(y_{obs},y_{mis})

\left and \right apply to all the following sorts of parenttheses:( and ) , | , \vert ,\Vert , \langle and \rangle $ \left\langle x \right\rangle$,\lceil and \rceil ,and \lfoorandrfloor.\middle can be used to add additional dividers.

There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by .: \left.\frac12\right\rbrace is .

If manual size adjustments are required: \Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr) gives $\Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr) $.

\underbrace{a\cdot a\cdots a}_{b\text{ times}} .

\underset{j=1}{\overset{\infty}{\LARGE\mathrm K}}\frac{a_j}{b_j}=\cfrac{a_1}{b_1+\cfrac{a_2}{b_2+\cfrac{a_3}{b_3+\ddots}}}

.

Use \left and \right to make braces - (round), [square] and {curly} - scale up to be the size of their arguments. Thus

$$
f\left(
   \left[ 
     \frac{
       1+\left\{x,y\right\}
     }{
       \left(
          \frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}
       \right)
       \left(u+1\right)
     }+a
   \right]^{3/2}
\right)
$$

$\lim\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$

$$ \bbox[yellow,5px]
{
e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^n
\qquad (1)
}
$$

$$ \bbox[yellow,5px]{e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^n\qquad (1)}$$

$$ \bbox[yellow,5px,border:2px solid red]
{
e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^n
\qquad (1)
}
$$

$$ \bbox[yellow,5px,border:2px solid red]{e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^n\qquad (1)}$$.

7.Sums and integrals \sum and \int; the subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example \sum_1^n . Don’t forget {…} if the limits are more than a single symbol. For example, \sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2 is . Similarly, \prod , \int \bigcup , \bigcap , \iint , \iiint.

8.Fractions There are two ways to make these. \frac ab applies to the next two groups, and produces ab; for more complicated numerators and denominators use {…}: \frac{a+1}{b+1} is . If the numerator and denominator are complicated, you may prefer \over, which splits up the group that it is in: {a+1\over b+1} is .

9.Fonts

• Use \mathbb or \Bbb for “blackboard bold”: .
• Use \mathbf for boldface:
• Use \mathtt for “typewriter” font:
• Use \mathrm for roman font:
• Use \mathsf for sans-serif font:
• Use \mathcal for “calligraphic” letters:
• Use \mathscr for script letters: .
• Use \mathfrak for “Fraktur” (old German style) letters：

10.Radical signs Use sqrt, which adjusts to the size of its argument: \sqrt{x^3} ; \sqrt[3]{\frac xy} . For complicated expressions, consider using {...}^{1/2} instead.

11.Some special functions such as “lim”, “sin”, “max”, “ln”, and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use \lim, \sin, etc. to make these: \sin x sinx, not sin x sinx. Use subscripts to attach a notation to \lim: lim_{x\to \infty},.

12.There are a very large number of special symbols and notations, too many to list here; see this shorter listing, or this exhaustive listing. Some of the most common include:

• \lt \gt \le \leq\leqq \leqslant \ge \geq \geqq \geqslant \neq.You can use \not to put a slash through almost anything:\not\ltbut it often looks bad.
• \times \div \pm \mp .cdotis a centered dot:
• \cup \cat \setminus\subset \subseqeq \subsetneq \supset \in \notin \emptyset \varnothing.
• {n+1 \choose 2k} or \binom{n+1}{2k}
• \to \rightarrow \leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \mapsto
• \land \lor \lnot \forall \exists \top \bot \vdash \vDash \propto
• \star \ast \oplus \otimes \odot \circ \bullet
• \tilde{a} \hat{a} \vec{a} \bar{a}
• \approx \sim \simeq \cong \equiv \prec \lhd .
• \infty \aleph_0 \nabla \partial\frac{y}{x} \Im \Re
• For modular equivalence, use \pmod like this: a\equiv b\pmod n
• \ldots is the dots in cdots is the dots in .

13.Spaces MathJax usually decides for itself how to space formulas, using a complex set of rules. Putting extra literal spaces into formulas will not change the amount of space MathJax puts in: a␣b and a␣␣␣␣b are both . To add more space, use \, for a thin space ; \; for a wider space . \quad and \qquad are large spaces: , .

14.Accents and diacritical marks Use \hat for a single symbol , \widehat for a larger formula . If you make it too wide, it will look silly. Similarly, there are \bar and \overline , and \vec and \overrightarrow$ \overrightarrow{}$ and .For dots, as in , use \dot and \ddot.

15.Special characters used for MathJax interpreting can be escaped using the \ character: \$$ $$, \{ , \_ etc. If you want \ itself , you should use \backslash , because \\ is for a new line.

16.Named colors are browser-dependent; if a browser doesn’t know a particular color name, it may render the text as black. The following colors are standard in HTML4 and CSS2 and should be interpreted the same by most browsers: \color{red}{text} or use #rgb text

1.2矩阵与数组

1.Use $$\begin{matrix}…\end{matrix}$$ In between the \begin and \end, put the matrix elements. End each matrix row with \\, and separate matrix elements with &. For example,

$$
  \begin{matrix}
  1 & x & x^2 \\
  1 & y & y^2 \\
  1 & z & Z^2 \\
  \end{matrix}
$$

produce:
$$
\begin{matrix}
1 & x & x^2 \
1 & y & y^2 \
1 & z & Z^2 \
\end{matrix}
$$
MathJax will adjust the sizes of the rows and columns so that everything fits.

2.TO add brackets,either use \left...\rightas in section 6 of the tutorial, or replace matrix with pmatrix,bmatrix,Bmatrix,vmatrix,Vmatrix.

3.Usecdots\ddotsvdots when you want to omit some of the entries:

$$.

4.For horizontally “augmented” matrices, put parentheses or brackets around a suitably-formatted table; see arrays below for details. Here is an example:

$$
\left[
  \begin{array} {cc|c}
    1&2&3\\ 4&5&6
  \end{array} 
\right]
$$

$$
\left[
\begin{array} {cc|c}
1&2&3\ 4&5&6
\end{array}
\right]
$$

5.For vertically “augmented” matrices, use \hline. For example

$$
  \begin{pmatrix}
    a & b\\
    c & d\\
  \hline
    1 & 0\\
    0 & 1
  \end{pmatrix}
$$

$$
\begin{pmatrix}
a & b\
c & d\
\hline
1 & 0\
0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}
$$

6.数组

It is often easier to read tables formatted in MathJax rather than plain text or a fixed width font. Arrays and tables are created with the array environment. Just after \begin{array} the format of each column should be listed, use c for a center aligned column, r for right aligned, l for left aligned and a | for a vertical line. Just as with matrices, cells are separated with & and rows are broken using \\. A horizontal line spanning the array can be placed before the current line with \hline.

For example,

\begin{array} {{c|lcr}}
n & \text{Left} &\text{Center}&\text{Right} \\ 
\hline 
1&0.24 &1 & 125\\ 
2 & -1 & 189 &-8\\
3 & -20 & 2000 &1+10i
\end{array}

1.3方程（组）

1.Aligned equaltions

Often people want a series of equations where the equals signs are aligned. To get this, use \begin{align}…\end{align}. Each line should end with \\, and should contain an ampersand at the point to align at, typically immediately before the equals sign.

For example,
$$
\begin{align}\sqrt{37} &=\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \
&=\sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\
&=\sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\
&\approx \frac{73}{12} \left ( 1-\frac{1}{{2.73}^2}\right)
\end{align}\
$$
is produced by:

```\begin{align}\sqrt{37} &=\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \
\begin{align}\sqrt{37} &=\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \
&=\sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}\cdot\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\
&=\sqrt{\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\
&\approx \frac{73}{12} \left ( 1-\frac{1}{{2.73}^2}\right)
\end{align}\

1.2 Use `\begin{cases}…\end{cases}`.  End each case with a `\\`, and use `&` before parts that should be aligned.

For example, you get this:

$ f(n) =\begin{cases}n/2,  & \text{if $n$ is even} \\3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd}\end{cases}$

is produced by:

f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if is even} \
3n+1, & \text{if is odd}
\end{cases}

The brace can be moved to the right: 

$$\left.\begin{array}{l}\text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\\text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1\end{array}\right\}=f(n)$$

by writing this:

\left.
\begin{array}{l}
\text{if is even:}&n/2\
\text{if is odd:}&3n+1
\end{array}
\right}
=f(n)

3.**multi-line equation**Multi-line equation is actually just one equation rather than several equations. So the correct environment is `aligned` instead of `align` $$\begin{equation}\begin{aligned}a &= b + c \\  &= d + e + f + g \\  &= h + i\end{aligned}\end{equation}\tag{2}\label{eq2}$$

Equation [(2)](https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference?page=1&tab=votes#mjx-eqn-eq2) is a multi-line equation. The code to produce equation [(2)](https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference?page=1&tab=votes#mjx-eqn-eq2) is

$$

$$
```

.

4

三、markdown应用篇

3.1markdown 与博客【CSDN为例，支持数学公式，让您宝贵的时间只专注于学习】

3.2markdown与邮件【炫酷的邮件，亮瞎小伙伴的眼】

3.3 markdown 与微信公众号【不支持数学公式、不支持图片】

3.4 Rmarkdown【喝咖啡的时候就得到了美美的结果】

四、markdown高级【插件的使用】

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