ABAP 指针基础入门例子

先放源代码 大家可以运行下例子 后续我再补充完善。

*一般类型
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_field> TYPE any.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_field_02> ."以上两个是效果一样
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_table> TYPE ANY TABLE." 接受任意表的

*完整类型
TYPES gty_makt TYPE TABLE OF makt.
TYPES gs_makt TYPE makt.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_char>  TYPE c.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_makt>  TYPE makt.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <ft_makt>  TYPE gty_makt. "只能接受makt的表类型


DATA gv_char TYPE c LENGTH 20 VALUE '北京'.
DATA gs_makt TYPE makt.
DATA gv_numc TYPE n LENGTH 20 VALUE '123456'.




*分配
ASSIGN gv_char TO <fs_field>.
WRITE:/ gv_char.
WRITE:/ <fs_field>.

*分配结构体
SELECT SINGLE *
  FROM  makt
  INTO  CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF gs_makt.

ASSIGN gs_makt TO  <fs_field>.
WRITE:/ <fs_field>.

ASSIGN gv_char TO <fs_char>.
WRITE:/ <fs_char>.

*分配结构
ASSIGN gs_makt TO <fs_makt>.
WRITE:/ <fs_makt>-matnr , <fs_makt>-maktx.


*动态指定
DATA:gv_char01 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'A',
     gv_char02 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'B',
     gv_char03 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'C',
     gv_char04 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'D',
     gv_char05 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'E',
     gv_char06 TYPE c LENGTH 5 VALUE 'F'.

DATA gv_index TYPE n LENGTH 2.  "为什么是两位 因为是前导0
DATA gv_fieldname TYPE c LENGTH 30.  "变量的名称

gv_fieldname = 'GV_CHAR'.

ASSIGN (gv_fieldname) TO  <fs_field>. "动态指定，用小括号 小括号里面是值所代表的变量.
WRITE:/ <fs_field>."输出的是北京

ASSIGN gv_fieldname TO  <fs_field>.
WRITE:/ <fs_field>."输出的是gv_char

DO 6 TIMES.
  gv_index = sy-index.
  CONCATENATE 'GV_CHAR' gv_index INTO gv_fieldname.
  ASSIGN (gv_fieldname) TO <fs_field>.
  WRITE:/ gv_index , ':', <fs_field>.
ENDDO.


*结构体gs_makt 通过FS进行输出
*ASSIGN gs_makt to <fs_field>.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'matnr' OF STRUCTURE gs_makt TO <fs_field>. "把结构体的这个字段赋给结构体
WRITE:/ <fs_field>.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 1 OF STRUCTURE gs_makt TO <fs_field>. "通过字段名的序号
WRITE:/ <fs_field>.

DO 5 TIMES.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE gs_makt TO <fs_field>. "通过字段名的序号
  WRITE:/ <fs_field>.
ENDDO.

*结构体GS_makt 字段 动态分配
gv_fieldname = 'MATNR'.
ASSIGN COMPONENT gv_fieldname OF STRUCTURE gs_makt TO <fs_field>. "gv_fieldname 必须是结构gs_makt的一个字段
IF <fs_field> IS   ASSIGNED.
  WRITE: / '动态分配：', <fs_field>.
ENDIF.

*fs_field 一般类型
*fs_makt  makt 完整类型
ASSIGN gs_makt TO <fs_makt>.
WRITE:/ <fs_makt>-matnr.

*非完整类型定义 不能够直接使用组件
ASSIGN gs_makt TO <fs_field>."
*WRITE:/ <fs_field>-matnr.


ASSIGN COMPONENT 'MATNR' OF STRUCTURE <fs_field> TO <fs_field_02>."02也是any类型
WRITE:/ '测试1：',<fs_field_02>.

ASSIGN COMPONENT 'MATNR' OF STRUCTURE gs_makt TO <fs_field_02>.
WRITE:/ '测试2：',<fs_field_02>.

gv_fieldname = 'MATNR'. "这样可以任意的变量进行动态分配.
ASSIGN COMPONENT gv_fieldname OF STRUCTURE <fs_field> TO  <fs_field_02>.
WRITE:/ '测试3：',<fs_field_02>.


*强制类型更变
ASSIGN gv_numc TO <fs_char> CASTING."如果指针有完整类型的定义 就不需要在CASTING 后面添加类型

TYPES:BEGIN OF gty_score,
        name  TYPE c LENGTH 6,
        score TYPE n LENGTH 3,
      END OF gty_score.

gv_char = '张三123100'."按数量去截分配对应的字段

ASSIGN gv_char  TO  <fs_field_02> CASTING TYPE gty_score. "因为<fs_field_02> 为any类型 所以后面要加具体类型
"<fs_field_02> 就有了gty_score 里面的字段
DO 2 TIMES.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index  OF STRUCTURE <fs_field_02> TO <fs_field>.
  WRITE:/ sy-index,<fs_field>.
ENDDO.

FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_datum>.
DATA gv_datum TYPE d.

ASSIGN gv_datum TO   <fs_datum>.
gv_datum = sy-datum.
WRITE:/ '<fs_datum>日期：',<fs_datum>.

*<fs_datum> = '20200208'."1
gv_datum = '20200208'."2 12这两种方式效果一样

WRITE:/'gv_datum日期：',gv_datum.
WRITE:/ '<fs_datum>日期：',<fs_datum>.


DATA: gv_1 TYPE c VALUE 'A',
      gv_2 TYPE c VALUE 'B',
      gv_3 TYPE c VALUE 'C',
      gv_4 TYPE c VALUE 'D',
      gv_5 TYPE c VALUE 'E',
      gv_6 TYPE c VALUE 'F',
      gv_7 TYPE c VALUE 'G'.

DATA gv_fieldname_02(4)  TYPE c.
DATA gv_index_02 TYPE c.

FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_data>.

DO 7 TIMES.
  CLEAR gv_fieldname_02.
  gv_index_02 = sy-index.
  CONCATENATE 'GV_' gv_index_02 INTO gv_fieldname_02.

  ASSIGN  (gv_fieldname_02) TO <fs_data>.
  WRITE:/ <fs_data>.
ENDDO.

DATA:BEGIN OF gs_str,
       col1(5)  VALUE 'china',
       col2(10) VALUE 'BEIJING',
       col3(15) VALUE 'GREAT WALL',
     END OF gs_str.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_fieldname_03>.

DATA:gv_index2(1) TYPE n.

DO 3 TIMES.
  CLEAR: gv_fieldname_02,gv_index2.
  gv_index2 = sy-index.
  CONCATENATE 'COL' gv_index2 INTO gv_fieldname_02.
  ASSIGN COMPONENT gv_fieldname_02 OF STRUCTURE gs_str TO <fs_fieldname_03>.
  WRITE: <fs_fieldname_03>.
ENDDO.

*表类型
DATA gt_makt TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF makt.

SELECT *
  FROM makt
  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE gt_makt
  UP TO 10 ROWS
  WHERE spras = sy-langu.


FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs_wa> TYPE any.
*向一般类型字段符号分配.
ASSIGN gt_makt TO  <fs_table>.
*ASSIGN gt_makt TO <fs_field>.  "表类型都要参照any table

*LOOP AT <fs_table> ASSIGNING <fs_field_02>.
*
*ENDLOOP.


*向特定类型
ASSIGN gt_makt to <ft_makt>.

*内表的读取
READ TABLE <ft_makt> ASSIGNING <fs_wa> INDEX 1.  "第一种读取方式
IF sy-subrc eq 0.
ASSIGN COMPONENT 'MATNR' OF STRUCTURE <fs_wa> TO <fs_field>.
WRITE :/ <fs_field>.
ENDIF.

READ TABLE <ft_makt> ASSIGNING <fs_wa> WITH KEY matnr = '23'. "第二种读取方式
IF sy-subrc eq 0.
ASSIGN COMPONENT 'MATNR' OF STRUCTURE <fs_wa> TO <fs_field>.
WRITE :/ <fs_field>.
ENDIF.



*内表的读取 一般类型
*READ TABLE <fs_table> ASSIGNING <fs_wa> WITH  KEY matnr = '23'.  "不能这样使用 <fs_table>为any 不知道里面的字段是什么
*READ TABLE <fs_table> ASSIGNING <fs_wa> index 1. "any table不能这样用
gv_fieldname = 'MATNR'.
*动态指定字段
READ TABLE <fs_table> ASSIGNING <fs_wa> WITH  KEY (gv_fieldname) =  '23' .

*一般loop 循环
LOOP AT  gt_makt INTO gs_makt."这样效率比较慢
 IF gs_makt-matnr = '23'.
   gs_makt-maktx = '修改物料描述'.
   MODIFY gt_makt FROM gs_makt.
 ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.

*快一点的用指针效率更高 占用内存更少
LOOP AT gt_makt ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_makt_02>).
 IF <fs_makt_02> = '23'.
   <fs_makt_02>-maktx = '修改物料描述'.
*   MODIFY gt_makt FROM <fs_makt_02>.  "这个语句不需要 他可以直接修改
 ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.